The purpose of the research was to study the influence of soil tillage methods and the conditions of water availability of an agricultural year on soil water-physical properties, erosion, yield and fertilizer payback by yield increase. The studies were conducted in a multifactorial stationary experiment in 1990–2017 on the slope of the Bolshoi Log gully in Aksay district Rostov region. The experience began in 1986 in the system of contour and landscape organization of the territory of the slope with a steepness up to 3.5–4.0 degrees' by complex of forest stands and hydraulic structures. Spring barley yield capacity was studied in crop rotation, the forecrop was grain maize. The plots were placed by a randomized method. Three levels of mineral nutrition of plants were applied, two systems of basic tillage were studied – chisel and moldboard. An attempt to analyze the values of the hydrothermal coefficient index and to distribute all years of observations into two groups – arid and wet-was made. The obtained data helped to conclude that the following indices: the amount of precipitation for the year, the precipitation of the cold period, the precipitation of the growing season of spring barley were more than the mean long-term values in wet years, and the temperature is lower. In dry years, there is an inverse relationship (r – 0.99). The use of contour-strip territory planning on slopes up to 3.5–4.0 degrees' substantially reduces erosion processes (to safe limits). Chisel tillage allows accumulating precipitation of the cold period of the year by 26 % more than with moldboard, reduces the washout by 11–17 %, increases the spring barley yield from 2.50 t/ha at the natural level of nutrition up to 3.72 t/ha when applying increased doses of fertilizers. The most effective application rate of fertilizers for spring barley is 100 kg/ha crop rotation area under chisel, the yield increase was 9.3 kg/kg.
Key words: spring barley, hydrothermal index, runoff, washout, water permeability, soil density, yield, fertilizers payback.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2018-3-132-147
For citas:
E. ?. Gaevaya The Tillage Methods Influence on Water-Physical Properties and Spring Barley Yield at Cultivation on Slope Lands in Rostov Region. Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems. 2018. No 3. P. 132-147 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31774/2222-1816-2018-3-132-147
