The objective of the research is to study trends and key factors of external and internal development of Russian agricultural sector. Macroeconomic (rate of inflation, rate of unemployment, the volume of foreign exchange reserves, and amount of foreign debt) and industrial factors were revealed impacting on the state of rural economics. The rates of inflation and unemployment were included in the analysis as factors which stabilization is the aim of macroeconomic policy of the Russian Government in post-socialist period. The volume of foreign exchange reserves and foreign debt were considered as factors influencing the forming of budget and determining the level of state support for agriculture in the country. During the analyzed period foreign exchange reserves of Russia increased from 12.2–12.5 billion of dollars in 1998–1999 to 486.1 billion of dollars in April 2014. Foreign debt of RF decreased from 90.8 billion of dollars in 1999 to 55.8 billion of dollars in 2013. Such dynamics of the mentioned factors allowed Russian Government to increase expenditures of federal budget for agriculture development from 25.9 billion of dollars in 2005 (the year of preparing priority national project “The development of agro-industrial complex”) to 168.0 billion of dollars in 2013, or more than 7.6 times. Accounts payable in agriculture on an annualized basis exceeds the sales proceeds by more than 30% and since 2012 increased by 2.1 %. Annual growth rates of import in 1992–2005 and 2008–2013 remain at the same level. Balance of export and import in agricultural market is negative; export of grain remains the main link. At the same time the preservation of predicted trends in crop production and livestock sector will allow Russia to support threshold value.
Keywords: economic factors, driving dynamics, price discrepancies, investment of capital, trade.
