Purpose: development of agricultural technologies that ensure soil fertility conservation by selecting (adaptation) special soil protection methods in relation to the actual energy indicators of solid runoff, a certain combination of which will allow maintaining soil fertility or keeping it at a scientifically based level under critical erosional conditions, with the creation of an innovative tool.
Materials and methods. The value of solid soil phase washout during the studies conducted on corn crops under conditions of critical erosional slopes was determined on runoff sites, which are the field sections equipped with measuring devices (tanks) isolated from the surrounding area (with the help of metal frames).
Results. An adaptive technology that combines the application of 60 t/ha of semi-decomposed manure, the implementation of operational planning and moling, the use of differentiated moistening of a soil layer of 0.4–0.7 m, depending on the development of the corn root system with irrigation rates respectively 360–500 cub. m has been selected. The technology provides an acceptable limit of soil solid washout, less than the set scientifically based value. To intercept surface (liquid and solid) runoff, both distributed and rill, an innovative drawn tool has been developed that forms the artificial “water-bearing” subsurface reservoirs and surface “mini-reservoirs” based on an intermittent furrow and intermittent slotting, created in the time of their joint trenching and providing the accumulation of the irrigation rate.
Conclusions. The developed technology and tool design make it possible to implement erosion-preventive methods with a differentiated irrigation regime, which ensures the environmental safety and soil fertility conservation of irrigated lands.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-4-38-51
runoff, irrigated lands, erosion-preventive technology, landscape-adaptive agriculture, sprinkling, differentiated moisture
Semenenko S. Ya., Novikov A. E. Irrigation environmental component management with innovative adaptive technologies. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(4):38–51. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-4-38-51.
1. Olgarenko G.V., Vasiliev S.M., Balakay G.T., 2019. Kontseptsiya gosudarstvennoy programmy “Vosstanovlenie i razvitie meliorativnogo kompleksa Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period 2020–2030 godov”: monografiya [The Concept of the State Program “Restoration and Development of the Land Reclamation Complex of the Russian Federation for the Period 2020–2030”: monograph]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM, 128 p. (In Russian).
2. Ob utverzhdenii gosudarstvennoy programmy Volgogradskoy oblasti “Razvitie sel'skogo khozyaystva i regulirovanie rynkov sel'skokhozyaystvennoy produktsii, syr'ya i prodovol'stviya” [On the approval of the State Program of Volgograd Region “Development of Agriculture and Regulation of the Markets of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food”]. Decree of the Volgograd Administration Region of 26 December, 2016, no. 743-p, available: https:docs.cntd.ru/document/444962467?marker [accessed 06.04.2022]. (In Russian).
3. O strategii sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Volgogradskoy oblasti do 2030 goda [On the strategy of socio-economic development of Volgograd region until 2030]. Volgograd Region Law of 28 December, 2021, no. 134-OD, available: https:www.garant.ru/hotlaw/volga/1522892/ [accessed 06.04.2022]. (In Russian).
4. Bychkova O., Gladarev B., Kharkhordin O., Zinman J., 2019. Fantasticheskie miry rossiyskogo khay-teka [Fantastic Worlds of Russian Hi-Tech]. St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg European University Publ., 419 p. (In Russian).
5. Zamyatina O.M., Denchuk D.S., Sadchenko V.O., 2014. Inzhenernoe izobretatel'stvo kak osnovnoy komponent podgotovki tekhnicheskikh spetsialistov [Engineering invention as main component of training of engineering specialists]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Current Problems of Science and Education], no. 5, available: https:science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=15006 [accessed 06.04.2022]. (In Russian).
6. Dolzhenkova O.V., Gorshenina M.V., Kovaleva A.M., 2012. Problemy vnedreniya innovatsiy v Rossii. Puti ikh resheniya [Problems of innovation implementation in Russia. Ways to solve them]. Molodoy uchenyy [Young Scientist], no. 12(47), pp. 208-210. (In Russian).
7. Manzhina S.A., Domashenko Yu.E., Komarova E.V., 2020. [On the issue of planning an experiment conducting field studies of surface runoff from agricultural fields]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii, no. 4(40), pp. 39-57, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1158 [accessed 06.04.2022], DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-39-57. (In Russian).
8. Babichev A.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2020. [Change in soil properties of complex cover of semi-desert zone influenced by irrigation]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii, no. 1(37), pp. 105-121, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/archive?n=646&id=653 [accessed 06.04.2022], DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-1-105-121. (In Russian).
9. Maltseva K.A., Ermolaev O.P., 2019. Potentsial'nye erozionnye poteri pochvy na pakhotnykh zemlyakh evropeyskoy chasti Rossii [Potential soil loss from erosion on arable lands of the European part of Russia]. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science], no. 12, pp. 1502-1512, DOI: 10.1134/S0032180X19120104. (In Russian).
10. Fetyukhin I.V., Chernenko V.V., 2018. Faktory razvitiya, modelirovanie i prognozirovanie erozii pochv [Factors of development, modeling and forecasting of soil erosion]. Mezhdunarodnyy sel'skokhozyaystvennyy zhurnal [International Agricultural Journal], no. 1, pp. 11-13, DOI: 10.24411/2587-6740-2018-11003. (In Russian).
11. Orlova I.V., 2021. [Ecologically sensitive areas of irrigation land use in Western Siberia]. Melioratsiya i gidrotekhnika, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 103-121, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1240 [accessed 22.11.2021], DOI: 10.31774/2712-9357-2021-11-4-103-121. (In Russian).
12. Yakovleva E.P., 2016. Negativnye svoystva agroekosistem yuga evropeyskoy chasti Rossii i strategiya meliorativnykh meropriyatiy [Negative properties of agroecosystems in the south of the European part Russia and strategy of the land reclamation measures]. Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Proc. of Kuban State Agrarian University], no. 60, pp. 345-349. (In Russian).
13. Borrelli P., Robinson D.A., Panagos P., Ligato E., Yang J.E., Alewel C., Wuepper D., Montanarella L., Ballabio C., 2020. Land use and climate change impacts on global soil erosion by water (2015–2070). PNAS, Oct. 8, 117(36), pp. 21994-22001, https:doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2001403117.
14. Edelgeriev R.S.-Kh. [et al.], 2021. Global'nyy klimat i pochvennyy pokrov Rossii: proyavleniya zasukhi, mery preduprezhdeniya, bor'by, likvidatsiya posledstviy i adaptatsionnye meropriyatiya (sel'skoe i lesnoe khozyaystvo) [Global Climate and Soil Cover of Russia: Drought Manifestations, Prevention Measures, Control, Elimination of Consequences and Adaptation Measures (Agriculture and Forestry)]. National Report, Moscow, MBA, vol. 3, 700 p. (In Russian).
15. Polyakov Yu.P., Florinskiy O.S., 1977. Mekhanizm i osobennosti vpityvaniya vody pochvoy pri polivakh dozhdevaniem [Mechanism and characteristics of water absorption by soil during sprinkling irrigation]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Severo-Kavkazskiy region. Tekhnicheskie nauki [Bull. of Higher Educational Institutions. North Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences], no. 2, pp. 80-83. (In Russian).
16. Abezin V.G., Semenenko S.Ya., Dubenok N.N., Ageenko O.M., 2015. Orudie dlya preryvistogo borozdovaniya-shchelevaniya [Tool for Intermittent Furrowing-Slotting]. Patent RF, no. 2544924. (In Russian).
