The aim of the research is to substantiate the opportunity of decreasing sowing rate in two times comparing to the recommended one; reducing sowing depth up to 3 cm; increasing seed quality due to reducing the mechanical damage of seeds, seed treatment by fluid fertilizing stimulating compositions; applying additional methods for seed quality evaluation. The experimental technique included organizing sowing by the technology in which soil tillage is absent; applying No-Till technology; reducing sowing rate after non-fallow predecessors from 5.5–6.5 to 2.6–3.0 million seeds per hectare; forming high quality seed batches by using sieve free aerodynamical machinery “Almas” and seed incrustation by the complex of preparations. Laboratory research of seed quality was conducted according to the requirements of standards. As a research materials were the cultivars of winter wheat Moskvich, Yuka, Grom. The ability to obtain timely and even emergence at sowing rate 100-200 kg/ha and field germinating capacity 92–95 %, forming seed batches with 95 % of heavy and medium seeds was established. The sharp decreasing of early growth strength was revealed while the depth of sowing increasing from 3 to 9 cm (by 16–22 %). Seed distribution on depth was investigated at the direct sowing by seeding-machine John Deere 1590, by broadcast seeding, by sowing using ÐÓÌ-MX (RUM-MH) Premium 1600 and seeding-machine ÑÇ-5.4 (SZ-5.4). Only direct sowing has provided even distribution on depth (82 % at the given depth ± 1 cm). The developed technology comparing to the conventional one enables reducing costs for seeds and their treatment in two times, fuel and lubricant consumption in 6 times. Conclusions: the ability of obtaining timely and even emergence at sowing rates decreasing in two times and sowing depth of 3 cm, forming seed batches with high strength of early growth due to reducing mechanical damage of seeds was proved; the reaction of cultivars on sowing depth and the ability of reducing energy costs for seeds and their treatment and sowing was established.
Keywords: sowing, norm, sowing depth, strength of growth, winter wheat, soil moisture content, technology, costs for seeds and sowing, savings of fuels and lubricants.
