Purpose: to study the formation of soybean yield and quality depending on changes in seeding rates and mineral nutrition in the Central Black Earth Region.
Materials and methods. The studies were conducted in the Kursk region in 2023–2025. The experimental design included four seeding rates: 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7 million viable seeds per 1 ha, with and without mineral fertilizers application (N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀). Soybeans were grown using the technology traditional for this region. Oil content and protein content in soybean grain were determined with an Infratec 1241 grain analyzer, and the grain nature was determined using a PH-1 liter grain tester. Mathematical processing was carried out using descriptive statistics and dispersion.
Results. When applying mineral fertilizers, plants in the first trifoliate leaf phase were 14–22 % taller than those in unfertilized crops, with their fresh weight increasing by 7–24 % and dry weight by 8–36 %, and the increase in leaf surface duration per plant was 1.1–6.1 sq. cm. The most developed plants in the first trifoliate leaf phase by all parameters were those in the variant with fertilizers and a seeding rate of 0.6 million viable seeds per 1 ha. Mineral fertilizer application at a dose of N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀ under soybean crops ensured a reliable increase in yield from 1.2 to 1.6 q/ha, and an increase in the seeding rate led to a tendency toward an increase in yield. The main influence on the change in yield was exerted by the application of mineral fertilizers (73 %). The seeding rate provided 17 % of the variation. The 1,000-kernel weight increased with increasing seeding rate.
Conclusions. The maximum yield over three years was obtained in the variants with fertilizers and seeding rates of 0.6 and 0.7 million units/ha, amounting to 28.5 and 28.7 q/ha, respectively. Soybean protein yield significantly increased with the use of fertilizers. With a one-unit change in the seeding rate, protein yield increased by 0.19 q/ha with fertilizer application and by 0.18 c/ha without it. Oil yield was high, amounting to 5.9–6.6 q/ha. Its increase of 5–8% was associated with the use of mineral fertilizers.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2026-16-1-135-148
soybeans, fertilizer application, seeding rate, yield, protein, oil content, maximum yield increase
Deriglazova G. M., Semenenko E. А. Soybean yield and quality development depending on changes in seeding rates and mineral nutrition in the Central Black Earth Region. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2026;16(1):135–148. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2026-16-1-135-148.
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this work was conducted within the framework of the State Assignment no. FGZU-2026-0006 of the Kursk Federal Agrarian Research Center.
