Purpose: to study erosion-safe values of emitter flow rate and drip irrigation duration using southern chernozems as an example and to develop a methodology for their justification.
Materials and methods. The field research data carried out on four experimental sites with southern chernozems as a soil cover were the experimental base of the scientific work. The following influencing factors were considered: granulometric composition, minimum moisture capacity, soil density, pre-irrigation and post-irrigation soil moisture. The condition of formation of puddles with a diameter of 0.1 m on the soil surface was adopted as a criterion for determining the maximum values of emitter flow rate and drip irrigation duration.
Results. The first stage of the study examined the influence of soil conditions and emitter flow rate on the moisture contour depth. The second stage of the study examined the influence of soil conditions and emitter flow rate on the value of the pre-runoff duration of drip irrigation. At the third stage, the influence of pre-irrigation soil moisture on the value of the permissible emitter flow rate was studied. In the process of analyzing the results of experimental studies, the presence of a close correlation between the erosion-safe value of the emitter flow rate and the factors of influence taken into account was determined, and empirical dependencies describing this relationship were obtained. Comparison of the calculated values of the drip irrigation parameters according to the obtained empirical dependencies with the experimental values showed a deviation of no more than 10 %.
Conclusions. The technique for determining erosion-safe values of the emitter flow rate and the duration of drip irrigation that correspond to the conditions and parameters of drip irrigation, based on the established dependencies, was developed. Theoretical testing of this technique on typical examples of drip-irrigated areas showed its efficiency and acceptability for practical application.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-4-62-80
drip irrigation, erosion safety, drip flow rate, irrigation duration, soil conditions, pre-irrigation soil moisture
Shkura V. N., Kolganov A. V., Shtanko A. S. Justification of drip emitter flow rate and determination of erosion-safe drip irrigation duration of southern chernozems. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2024;14(4):62–80. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-4-62-80.
1. Akhmedov A.D., Galiullina E.Yu., 2012. Kontury uvlazhneniya pochvy pri kapel'nom oroshenii [Soil moisture contours under drip irrigation]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie [Proceedings of Lower Volga Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Education], no. 3, pp. 183-188, EDN: PCXLGR. (In Russian).
2. Khrabrov M.Yu., Gubin V.K., Kolesova N.G., 2016. Opredelenie tekhnologicheskikh parametrov sistem kapel'nogo orosheniya [Determination of technological parameters of drip irrigation systems]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 1(61), pp. 132-136, EDN: VRCUDB. (In Russian).
3. Lytov M.N., 2020. Osobennosti primeneniya differentsirovannykh rezhimov vodoobespecheniya pri kapel'nom sposobe orosheniya [Features of differentiated water supply modes application with drip irrigation method]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 2(78), pp. 54-60, EDN: MFVCOF. (In Russian).
4. Pronko N.A., Korsak V.V., Kadnova Yu.Yu., Filippova M.Yu., Baklushina O.A., 2020. Raschet polivnykh norm pri kapel'nom oroshenii v usloviyakh sukhostepnogo Zavolzh'ya [Calculation of irrigation rates for drip irrigation in the dry-steppe of the Trans-Volga region]. Osnovy ratsional'nogo prirodopol'zovaniya: materialy VI Nats. konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem [Fundamentals of Rational Nature Management: Proc. of the VI National Conference with international participation]. Saratov, pp. 55-59, EDN: WUNUUA. (In Russian).
5. Bulgakov V.I., Kostovarova I.A., Gzhibovsky S.A., Grushin S.A., 2021. Osobennosti rezhima orosheniya i opredeleniya konusa promachivaniya pri kapel'nom oroshenii [Features of irrigation rate and determination of the wetting cone during drip irrigation]. Vestnik meliorativnoy nauki [Bulletin of Reclamation Science], no. 3, pp. 67-75, EDN: XHCTNR. (In Russian).
6. Rogachev A.F., Melikhova E.V., 2021. Komp'yuternoe modelirovanie i parametriza-tsiya v srede MathCAD konturov uvlazhneniya pri kapel'nom oroshenii [Computer modeling and parameterization in the MathCAD environment of humidification contours during drip irrigation]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie [Proceedings of Lower Volga Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Education], no. 4(64), pp. 367-378, https:doi.org/10.32786/2071-9485-2021-04-37, EDN: VBOPAO. (In Russian).
7. Karimi B., Karimi N., Shiri J., Sanikhani H., 2022. Modeling moisture redistribution of drip irrigation systems by soil and system parameters: regression-based approaches. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, vol. 36, pp. 157-172, https:doi.org/10.1007/s00477-021-02031-y, EDN: NCNOCX.
8. Fomenko T.G., Popova V.P., 2016. Formirovanie konturov uvlazhneniya pochvy pri lokal'nykh maloob"emnykh sposobakh orosheniya plodovykh nasazhdeniy [The formation of soil moistening contours under local low-capacity methods of irrigation of fruit orchards]. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo [Land Reclamation and Water Management], no. 4, pp. 22-28, EDN: WKGRSV. (In Russian).
9. Yasonidi O.E., 2011. Kapel'noe oroshenie [Drip Irrigation]. Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 322 p., EDN: QLCBEP. (In Russian).
10. Solat S., Alinazari F., Maroufpoor E., Shiri J., Karimi B., 2021. Modeling moisture bulb distribution on sloping lands: Numerical and regression-based approaches. Journal of Hydrology, vol. 601, 126835, https:doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126835.
11. Melikhova E.V., 2017. Modelirovanie i obosnovanie resursosberegayushchikh parametrov kapel'nogo orosheniya pri vozdelyvanii korneplodov: monografiya [Modeling and Substantiation of Resource-Saving Parameters of Drip Irrigation in Root Crops Cultivation: monograph]. Volgograd, Volgograd State Agrarian University, 112 p., EDN: ZHVNIP. (In Russian).
12. Shchedrin V.N., Balakay G.T., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., Shalashova O.Yu., Tabala G.I., 2017. Rukovodstvo po kontrolyu i regulirovaniyu pochvennogo plodorodiya oroshaemykh zemel' [Guidelines for Monitoring and Regulation of Soil Fertility of Irrigated Lands]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM, 137 p., EDN: XXFRBZ. (In Russian).
13. Shtanko A.S., Shkura V.N., 2022. [Geometry of drip soil moisture local contours formed in southern chernozems]. Melioratsiya i gidrotekhnika, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 123-140, available: https:rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1297 [accessed 15.08.2024], https:doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-123-140, EDN: PTMNJY. (In Russian).
14. Shkura V.N., Shtanko A.S., 2023. [Geometry of drip soil moisture contours]. Melioratsiya i gidrotekhnika, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 55-74, available: https:rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1355 [accessed 15.08.2024], https:doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2023-13-2-55-74, EDN: ZQRYEJ. (In Russian).
15. Shkura V.N., Masny R.S., Shtanko A.S., 2023. Sistemy kapel'nogo orosheniya sadov: nauchno-prakticheskoe izdanie [Drip Irrigation Systems for Gardens: scientific and practical ed.]. Moscow, Rosinformagrotech Publ., 300 p. (In Russian).
