AGROPHYSICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS DETERMINING THE GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN TRANS-VOLGA REGION

Authors:Solodovnikov Anatolij P., Poletaev Ilya S., Molchanova Nadezhda P.

633.11:591.543.4:631.43(470.44)
Theme: Land reclamation, water manadgement and agrophysics
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Purpose: to determine the share influence of agrophysical, technological, climatic factors and soil moisture on spring wheat grain yield in the arid conditions of the Saratov Trans-Volga region based on a complete correlation analysis of long-term field data.

Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, an experiment with basic tillage with various implements according to the following scheme, was carried out: A₀ – with PLN-8-35 plow at 23–25 cm (control); A₁ – with plow PBS-10P at 23–25 cm; A₂ – with deep ripper SSD-4 (2017–2020), chisel plow PChM-4 (2021–2022) at 30–32 cm; A₃ – with a disk header BDM 7×3 PPKShKS at 10–12 cm. The research was carried out over a period of six years using generally accepted methods.

Results. A complete correlation analysis of long-term data showed that the most significant influence on the spring wheat yield in the Trans-Volga region is exerted by precipitation during the growing season (24.1 %) and the hydrothermal coefficient (23.6 %). Air temperature determined this indicator by only 12.5 %. The share influence on the yield of soil density in the 10–30 cm layer was 2.9 %. The moisture content of the upper half-meter soil layer during the spring wheat tillering phase determined the yield by 14.8 %, and the lower one (50–100 cm) by 15.6 %.

Conclusions. On average, over six years, the maximum yield of spring wheat Albidum 32 variety was obtained in variants with plowing (PBS-10P and PLN-8-35): 1.16 and 1.17 t/ha. Non-mouldboard cultivation with a deep ripper and chisel plow reduced this indicator by 8.5 %. Treatment of dark chestnut soil with a disk header reduced the spring wheat grain yield by 24.8 % relative to the control.

doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-2-18-31

Keywords

spring wheat, climatic and agrophysical factors, soil moisture, basic tillage, correlation

For quoting

Solodovnikov A. P., Poletaev I. S., Molchanova N. P. Agrophysical, technological and climatic factors determining the grain yield of spring wheat in Trans-Volga region. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2024;14(2):18–31. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-2-18-31.

Authors

A. P. Solodovnikov – Professor of Department Agriculture, Land Reclamation and Agrochemistry, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, solodovnikov-sgau@yandex.ru, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7056-6198;

I. S. Poletaev – Associate Professor of Department Agriculture, Land Reclamation and Agrochemistry, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, poletaevilja@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0009-0009-4901-6453;

N. P. Molchanova – Associate Professor of Department Agriculture, Land Reclamation and Agrochemistry, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russian Federation, nadjawowa550@mail.ru, ORCID ID: 0009-0002-3692-9180.

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