Annotation

Purpose: to study and analyze resource-saving approaches to irrigation of tomatoes in open ground. 

Discussion. Tomatoes are one of the most commonly cultivated vegetable crops, as they have high nutritional, organoleptic and dietary properties, beneficial to human health. The problem of increasing tomato production can be solved by introducing scientifically based, experimentally tested cultivation technologies on reclaimed lands, one of the main elements of which is irrigation, which predetermined the relevance of research. Currently, sprinkling and drip irrigation, which have both advantages and disadvantages are used for irrigation of tomatoes. An analysis of features of tomato cultivation with different irrigation methods showed that their production in our country is cost-effective both with sprinkling and drip irrigation. However, the introduction of scientifically based drip irrigation regimes in tomato cultivation can increase significantly their productivity and the values of economic efficiency indicators with economical use of irrigation water. The most effective maintenance of pre-irrigation soil moisture on tomato crops is at the level of 80 % of the lowest moisture capacity. This drip irrigation rate of tomatoes in the open ground is considered optimal; with it the cost of irrigation water for the formation of a product unit is the smallest. 

Conclusions. The study of the differentiation of drip irrigation regimes of tomato by phases of growth and development of the crop showed that differentiated irrigation with drip irrigation systems in combination with the application of mineral and water-soluble fertilizers provide an increase in tomato yield in open ground, regardless of the region of their cultivation. A promising method for increasing the productivity of tomatoes and optimizing the cost of irrigation water during their cultivation are digital irrigation planning methods.

doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-176-192

For quoting

Gurina I. V., Babichev A. N., Tagirov F. G., Tishchenko A. P. Irrigation of tomatoes in open ground: overview of resource-saving approaches. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(3):176–192. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-176-192

Bibliography

1. World Food and Agriculture – Statistical Yearbook 2021. FAO, Rome, 2021, 368 р., https:doi.org/10.4060/cb4477en. 

2. Asensio E., Sanvicente I., Mallor C., Menal-Puey S., 2019. Spanish traditional tomato. Effects of genotype, location and agronomic conditions on the nutritional quality and evaluation of consumer preferences. Food Chemistry, vol. 270, pp. 452-458, DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.131. 

3. Dorais M., Ehret D.L., Papadopoulos A.P., 2008. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) health components: From the seed to the consumer. Phytochemistry Reviews, 7(2), pp. 231-250, DOI: 10.1007/s11101-007-9085-x. 

4. Skorina V.V., Solyanik T.L., 2019. Biokhimicheskiy sostav sortov tomata v otkrytom grunte [Biochemical composition of tomato varieties grown in the open ground]. Izvestiya FNTSO [News of FSVC], no. 1, pp. 157-159, DOI: 10.18619/2658-4832-2019-1-157-159. (In Russian).

5. Kondratyeva I.Yu., 2021. Gibridy tomata dlya otkrytogo grunta [Tomato hybrids for open ground]. Izvestiya FNTSO [News of FSVC], no. 3-4, pp. 77-83, DOI: 10.18619/2658-4832-2021-3-4-77-83. (In Russian).

6. Petrov N.Yu., Kalmykova E.V., Narushev V.B., Khorishko T.I., 2017. Priemy povysheniya produktivnosti tomata i kartofelya pri oroshenii v Povolzhʹe [Methods to increase productivity of tomato and potato during irrigation in Volga region]. Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal [Agrarian Scientific Journal], no. 4, pp. 36-39. (In Russian).

7. Posada L. Solanum Lycopersicum: a monograph. Agricultural Science 2016-17. Colegio Bolivar, 34 p. 

8. Dzhambulatova A.Z., Kurbanov S.A., Magomedova D.S., 2019. Uluchshenie plodorodiya oroshaemykh zemelʹ ravninnoy zony Dagestana pri kapelʹnom oroshenii tomatov [Improving the fertility of irrigated lands in the plain zone of Dagestan with drip irrigation of tomatoes]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professionalʹnoe obrazovanie [News of the Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 1(53), pp. 130-136, DOI: 10.32786/2071-9485-2019-01-16. (In Russian). 

9. Ionova L.P., Babakova A.S., Arslanova R.A., Smashevsky N.D., 2018. Vodnyy rezhim tomata pri kapelʹnom oroshenii i dozhdevanii v zasushlivoy zone Astrakhanskoy oblasti [Water regime of tomato under drip irrigation and sprinkling in the arid zone of Astrakhan region]. Astrakhanskiy vestnik ekologicheskogo obrazovaniya [Astrakhan Bulletin of Ecological Education], no. 5(47), pp. 83-89. (In Russian).

10. Akhmedov A.D., Dzhamaletdinova E.E., Zasimov A.E., 2018. Produktivnostʹ ovoshchnykh kulʹtur pri kapelʹnom polive v usloviyakh Volgo-Donskogo mezhdurechʹya [Productivity of vegetable crops with drip irrigation under the conditions of the Volga-Don interfluve]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professionalʹnoe obrazovanie [News of the Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 1(49), pp. 161-167. (In Russian).

11. Pronko N.A., Bikbulatov E.D., 2017. Vynos elementov pitaniya tomatami pri kapelʹnom polive v Saratovskom Pravoberezhʹe [The removal of nutrients by tomatoes under drip irrigation on the Cis-Volga districts of Saratov region]. Agrarnyy nauchnyy zhurnal [Agrarian Scientific Journal], no. 4, pp. 40-43, https:doi.org/10.28983/asj.v0i4.72. (In Russian).

12. Babichev A.N., Babenko A.A., Vasiliev S.M., Masny R.S., 2021. Tekhnologii vozdelyvaniya selʹskokhozyaystvennykh kulʹtur na oroshenii: uchebnoe posobie [Technologies of Cultivation of Agricultural Crops under Irrigation: textbook]. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 200 p. (In Russian).

13. Engalychev D.I., Men’shikh A.M., Engalycheva N.A., 2017. Primenenie kapelʹnogo orosheniya i mineralʹnykh udobreniy pri vyrashchivanii tomata v usloviyakh Nechernozemnoy zony [Application of drip irrigation and mineral nutrition when growing tomatoes in the Non-Chernozem zone]. Oroshaemoe zemledelie [Irrigated Agriculture], no. 4, pp. 15-16. (In Russian).

14. Akhmedova P.M., Alilov M.M., 2017. Osobennosti mineralʹnogo pitaniya rasteniy tomata pri kapelʹnom oroshenii v usloviyakh otkrytogo grunta [Features of mineral nutrition of tomato plants under drip irrigation in open ground]. Ovoshchi Rossii [Vegetable Crops of Russia], no. 1(34), pp. 46-49, https:doi.org/10.18619/2072-9146-2017-1-46-49. (In Russian).

15. Tyutyuma N.V., Mukhortova T.V., Kudryashova N.I., Solodovnikov A.P., 2018. Optimalʹnyy rezhim orosheniya i pitaniya tomatov [Optimal mode of irrigation and nutrition of tomatoes]. Fermer. Povolzhʹe [Farmer. Volga Region], Sept., pp. 36-41. (In Russian).

16. Pronko N.A., Bikbulatov E.I., 2015. Povyshenie effektivnosti kapelʹnogo orosheniya tomatov v Saratovskom Pravoberezhʹe [Improving the efficiency of drip irrigation of tomatoes in Saratov right coast region]. Vestnik UMO [Bull. of UMO], no. 7, pp. 163-166. (In Russian).

17. Borodychev V.V., Kuznetsov Yu.V., Dementiev A.V., 2007. Vodopotreblenie tomatov pri kapelʹnom oroshenii [Water consumption of tomatoes in drip irrigation]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professionalʹnoe obrazovanie [News of the Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 2(6), pp. 23-25. (In Russian).

18. The United Nations World Water Development Report 2021: Valuing Water. UNESCO, 2021, 206 p. 

19. Belyakova Yu.V., Beschetnova E.I., Ekimov S.V., 2009. Proizvodstvo tomatov pri raznykh sposobakh orosheniya v usloviyakh Astrakhanskoy oblasti [Production of tomatoes under different irrigation methods under the conditions of Astrakhan region]. Geologiya, geografiya i globalʹnaya energiya [Geology, Geography and Global Energy], no. 4(35), pp. 202-205. (In Russian).

20. Chalenko V.V., Orlov V.N., Olshannikov Yu.A., 2010. Obrabotka pochvy i vozdelyvanie tomata pri oroshenii [Soil tillage and cultivation of tomato under irrigation]. Ovoshchi Rossii [Vegetable Crops of Russia], no. 1(7), pp. 58-59. (In Russian).

21. Chamurliev O.G., Sidorov A.N., Kholod A.A., Chamurliev G.O., Bogomolova N.V., 2019. Fertigatsiya tomata v otkrytom grunte [Tomato fertigation in an open ground]. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo [News of RUDN. Series: Agronomy and Animal Industries], vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 347-361, DOI: 10.22363/2312-797X-2019-14-4-347-361. (In Russian).

22. Anishko M.Yu., Gubina L.V., Romenskaya O.N., 2021. Produktivnostʹ tomata v otkrytom grunte v usloviyakh Severnogo Prikaspiya [Productivity of tomato in open ground in the conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea]. Problemy razvitiya APK regiona [Development Problems of Regional Agro-Industrial Complex], no. 1(45), pp. 6-11, DOI: 10.52671/20790996_2021_1_6. (In Russian).

23. Men'shikh A.M., 2015. Kapelʹnoe oroshenie kak element resursosberegayushchego ovoshchevodstva [Drip irrigation as an element of resource-saving vegetable growing]. Oroshaemoe zemledelie [Irrigated Agriculture], no. 2, pp. 15-16. (In Russian).

24. Kizyaev B.V., Borodychev V.V., 2016. Effektivnostʹ mineralʹnogo pitaniya ovoshchnykh kulʹtur pri kapelʹnom oroshenii [Efficiency of mineral nutrition of vegetable crops under drip irrigation]. Plodorodie [Fertility], no. 5, pp. 18-20. (In Russian).

25. Zotarelli L., Dukes M.D., Liu E.H., Simonne G.D., Agehara S., 2015. Principles and practices of irrigation management for vegetable. Vegetable Production Handbook of Florida. Univ. of Florida Inst. of Food and Agri. Sci., Gainesville, pp. 11-18. 

26. Zvolinsky V.P., 2011. Kapelʹnoe oroshenie: dostoinstva i problemy [Drip irrigation: advantages and problems]. Tekhnika i oborudovanie dlya sela [Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area], no. 9, pp. 12-14. (In Russian).

27. Ovchinnikov A.S., Bocharnikov V.S., Meshcheryakov M.P., Bocharnikova O.V., 2012. Effekt vodosberezheniya pri kapelʹnom i vnutripochvennom oroshenii ovoshchnykh kulʹtur [Effect of water saving under drip and intrasoil irrigation of vegetable crops]. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo [Land Reclamation and Water Management], no. 5, pp. 16-19. (In Russian).

28. Lebea T.J., Jovanovic N., Kena M., Ayisi K.K., Mushadu W.G., 2021. Response of tomato cultivars to irrigation management strategies employed by emerging farmers in the Greater Giyani Municipality. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, vol. 38, iss. 4, pp. 313-325, https:doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2021.1913767. 

29. Petrov N.Yu., Kalmykova E.V., Ubushaeva S.V., Batyrov V.A., 2017. Vliyanie agrotekhnicheskikh priemov na rost, razvitie i produktivnost tomata v usloviyakh Nizhnego Povolzhya [The effect of agricultural practices on the growth, development and productivity of tomato under the conditions of the Lower Volga region]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professionalʹnoe obrazovanie [News of the Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 2(46), pp. 118-125. (In Russian).

30. Kalmykova E.V., Novikov A.A., Petrov N.Yu., Kalmykova O.V., 2019. Kompleksnye nauchnye issledovaniya resursosberegayushchikh priemov povysheniya produktivnosti tomata [Complex scientific research of resource-saving methods for increasing tomato productivity]. Vestnik RUDN. Seriya: Agronomiya i zhivotnovodstvo [News of RUDN. Series: Agronomy and Animal Industries], vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 329-346, https:doi.org/10.22363/2312-797X-2019-14-4-329-346. (In Russian).

31. Ayankojo I.T., Morgan K.T., Kadyampakeni D.M., Liu G.D., 2020. Tomato growth, yield, and root development, soil nitrogen and water distribution as affected by nitrogen and irrigation rates on a Florida sandy soil. Hortscience, no. 55(11), pp. 1744-1755, https:doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15177-20. 

32. Ayankojo I.T., Morgan K.T., Ozores-Hampton M., Migliaccio K.W., 2018. Effects of real-time location-specific drip irrigation scheduling on water use, plant growth, nutrient accumulation, and yield of Florida fresh-market tomato. Hortscience, vol. 53, iss. 9, pp. 1372-1378, https:doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13183-18.

33. Ayankojo I.T., Morgan K.T., Mahmoud K., 2019. Evaluation of soil water and nitrogen distribution by site-specific irrigation scheduling method in tomato crop grown on sandy soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, vol. 83, pp. 761-771, https:doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2018.07.0268.