Purpose: analysis of soil water permeability and runoff-regulating ability of methods of basic soil tillage on chernozems in the south of the European territory of Russia.
Materials and methods. The object of research is ordinary chernozem on the erosion-hazardous slope of the experimental station of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre” (FSBSI FRARC). The methods used are generally accepted in soil science, erosion science, agriculture (S. V. Astapov, 1958; V. N. Dyakov, 1974; E. V. Poluektov, 1982; B. A. Dospekhov, 1985), generalized analysis and analysis of data obtained in field experiments.
Results. The results of studies of the methods of basic tillage: moldboard, flat-cut, chisel, surface, for the period from 1975 to 2017 are analyzed. The dependence of water permeability on the methods of basic tillage starting from the moment of its implementation until harvesting of agricultural crops is established. Particular attention is paid to soil permeability during the period of snow melting, since during this period the flow of melt water and soil washout are formed, the relationship between which is quite close. The most intense erosion processes are manifested during moldboard plowing, followed by surface tillage. A higher soil conservation capacity is typical for areas tilled with chisel.
Conclusion. According to the data obtained, in autumn period, rainwater runoff and soil washout can be an exception, especially if the basic tillage is carried out to a depth of 25–29 cm. In winter, when the soil freezes, the permeability decreases sharply, especially on surface cultivation, which creates preconditions for melt water formation. The maximum snowmelt runoff is formed on surface tillage, followed by a flat-cut one, and a moldboard and a chisel one close the list. In terms of soil washout, moldboard plowing is in the first place, followed by cultivation methods that leave stubble and plant residues on the surface: surface, flat-cut, chisel.
doi: 10.31774/2222-1816-2021-11-2-158-173
water permeability, soil cultivation methods, melt and rainwater runoff, soil washout, ordinary chernozem, erosion processes
Poluektov Ye. V., Batishchev I. V. Monitoring of water permeability and erosion processes at different methods of primary tillage of chernozem in southern Russia // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. 2021. Vol. 11, no. 2. P. 158–173. URL: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1202 (date of access: 19.05.2021). DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2021-11-2-158-173.
1. Avdeenko A.P., Agafonov E.V., Artokhin K.S., Gaivoronskaya N.F., Grinko A.V., Ilyinskaya I.N., Labyntsev A.V., Nazarenko O.G., Pashkovskaya T.G., Poluektov E.V., Prodan V.I., Titarenko A.V., Tseluiko O.A., 2012. Zonal'nye sistemy zemledeliya Rostovskoy oblasti (na period 2013–2020 gg.) [Zonal Farming Systems of Rostov Region (for the period 2013–2020)]. In 3 parts, part 1, Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, 233 p. (In Russian).
2. Listopadov I.N., 2005. Sevooboroty yuzhnykh regionov [Crop Rotations of Southern Regions]. Rostov-on-Don, 276 p. (In Russian).
3. Surmach G.P., 1976. Vodnaya eroziya i bor'ba s ney [Water Erosion and Its Control]. Leningrad, 256 p. (In Russian).
4. Barabanov A.T., 2012. Zakonomernosti formirovaniya poverkhnostnogo sloya talykh vod, ego prognoz i regulirovanie [Patterns of formation of the surface melt water runoff, its forecast and regulation]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bull. of Orenburg State Agrarian University], no. 1(33), pp. 65-68. (In Russian).
5. Shchedrin V.N., Balakay G.T., Poluektov E.V., Balakay N.I., 2016. Usloviya formirovaniya poverkhnostnogo stoka. Prognoz prichinyaemogo ushcherba. Kompensatsionnye meliorativnye meropriyatiya [The Conditions for Surface Runoff Formation. The Forecast of the Damage. Compensatory Reclamation Measures]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM, 450 p. (In Russian).
6. Zholinsky N.M., Tarbaev V.A., Molochko A.V., Arkadieva A.V., 2019. Monitoring degradatsionnykh protsessov na sklonovykh agrolandshaftakh [Monitoring of degradation processes on slope agrolandscapes]. Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Nauki o Zemle [Bull. of Saratov University. Earth Sciences], vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 79-82, https: doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2019-19-2-79-82. (In Russian).
7. Zholinsky N.M., Korableva I.N., Tarbaev V.A., Gafurov R.R., Arkadieva A.A., Nesvat A.P., 2019. Sovremennye tendentsii izmeneniya vodnoy erozii pochvy na sklonovykh agrolandshaftakh Saratovskogo Pravoberezh'ya [Current trends of changes in soil water erosion on slope agro-landscapes of Saratov Right Bank]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bull. of Orenburg State Agrarian University], no. 4(78), pp. 34-37. (In Russian).
8. Li J.L., Zhang L.M., 2011. Soil-water characteristic curve and permeability function for unsaturated cracked soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, July, 48(7), pp. 1010-1031, DOI: 10.1139/t11-027.
9. Elhakim A.F., 2016. Estimation of soil permeability. Alexandria Engineering Journal, Aug., vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 2631-2638, https:doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.07.034.
10. Astapov S.V., 1958. Meliorativnoe pochvovedenie: praktikum [Reclamation Soil Science: workshop]. 2nd ed., rev. and add., Moscow, Selkhozgiz Publ., 367 p. (In Russian).
11. Dyakov V.N., 1984. Sovershenstvovanie metoda ucheta smyva pochv po vodoroinam [Improving the method of registing soil washout by water bodies]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 3, pp. 146-148. (In Russian).
12. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po uchetu poverkhnostnogo stoka i smyva pochvy pri izuchenii vodnoy erozii [Guidelines for accounting for surface runoff and soil washout in the study of water erosion]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1975, 88 p. (In Russian).
13. Dospekhov B.A., 1985. Metodika polevogo opyta [Method of Field Experiment]. Moscow, Agropromizdat Publ., 351 p. (In Russian).
14. Poluektov E.V., 1982. Vodopronitsaemost' erodirovannykh severopriazovskikh chernozemov [Water permeability of the eroded Severo-Azov chernozems]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 4, pp. 81-85. (In Russian).
15. Poluektov E.V., 2011. Protivoerozionnye meropriyatiya melioratsii zemel [Erosion Preventing Land Reclamation Measures]. Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 251 p. (In Russian).
16. Zhelnakova L.I., Petrova N.V., 1983. Nekotorye voprosy bor'by s vetrovoy i vodnoy eroziey na Stavropol'e [Some issues of wind and water erosion control in the Stavropol territory]. Nauchnye osnovy obrabotki pochv na Stavropol'e [Scientific Bases of Soil Cultivation in Stavropol Territory]. Stavropol, pp. 73-88. (In Russian).
17. Kulintsev V.V. [et al.], 2013. Sistemy zemledeliya novogo pokoleniya Stavropol'skogo kraya [Agricultural Systems of a New Generation of Stavropol Territory]. Stavropol, AGRUS Publ., 520 p. (In Russian).
