The aim of the research was the theoretical and experimental substantiation of the deflector cap parameters that meets environmental requirements, favourable for irrigation of agricultural crops. The studied theoretical information shows that there is a relationship between the size of artificial rain droplets, its intensity and the erosion of irrigated soils. The influence of the raindrops size on the permissible intensity, evaporation loss, energy cost for drop formation and other indicators have been found. The average rain intensity of the known sprinkling machines used in our country which is 1.0–3.0 mm/min was determined. The tendency in design changes of sprinkling machines and rain-forming apparatus aimed at improving the artificial rain quality and its negative factors reduction has been determined. According to agrotechnical requirements, up to 90 % of artificial raindrops should be no more than 2 mm in diameter. A deflector cap has been developed according to these requirements. The results of field studies of a new sprinkler using sets of rain-forming devices (new deflector caps and jet apparatus) are as follows: the diameters of raindrops at the beginning of water supply pipe of the prototype by average rate were: deflector cap – 0.8–1.0 mm, jet apparatus – 1.2–1.5 mm, in the middle of the prototype – 1.0–1.3, 1.5–1.9 mm, respectively, and at the end of the prototype 1.3–1.5, 1.9–2.1 mm. The average rain intensity during irrigation with a deflector cap was 1.23 mm/min, which meets the agro-ecological requirements for the quality of rain, but further research of rain intensity changes along the entire length of the water-supply belt of the sprinkler depending on the droplet size device from the first till the last rain-forming apparatus is needed.
Key words: irrigation, artificial rain, rain intensity, droplet diameter, erosion, rain-forming apparatus, agrotechnical requirements.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2019-2-104-120
THEORETICAL AND EXPE-RIMENTAL JUSTIFICATION OF DEFLECTOR-CAP PARA-METERS / Yu. F. Snipich, A. A. Churaev, L. V. Yuchenko, M. V. Vainberg, V. M. Filimonova // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. – 2019. – ? 2. – P. 104–120. – Mode of access: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/archive?n=587&id=594. – DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2019-2-104-120.
