The purpose of the research was the development of measures on management of the sediment regime of small ponds and reclamation reservoirs. It is widely known that the lifetime of reclamation ponds largely depends on their alluvial sediment regime. According to I. P. Sukharev’s and M. Ya. Prytkova’s researches, the lifetime of the ponds is, as a rule, less the designed one due to silting and is 10–15 years on the average. To regulate the sediment regime of the ponds several methods for regulating runoff in the catchment area are known, either directly into the reservoir bed or at a small distance from it, including deposits’ withdrawal from their beds using hydromechanical and mechanical methods, as well as bottom water layers together with sediments from bottom water outlets. An example of calculating the water discharge of a small reservoir for reclamation, which indicates the insignificant role of the bottom water outlet to reduce the ponds’ and reservoirs’ siltation is given. In order to regulate the sediment regime, the article proposes to arrange channel cofferdams on the shallows of ponds where unfavorable conditions for exploitation are observed, perpendicular to the flow moving from the catchment, creating an artificial barrier to it. The cofferdam profile is made of compact stone or gravel. The process of retaining sediments by cofferdams is similar to that of sediment storage facilities, except for the water passage. The calculated dependencies, constructive solutions and the algorithm for the arrangement of channel cofferdams are given. It is noted that in order to reduce the siltation of small reservoirs, it is necessary to apply a complex of measures and facilities both in the pond bed and in the catchment area.
Key words: reclamation reservoirs, alluvial regime, filtration, reduction of ponds’ silting, evaporation, catchment area, design life cycle, bottom water outlets, channel cofferdam, construction.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2018-3-58-69
For citas:
V. A. Belov, L. V. Persikova Measures for Regulation of the Sediment Regime of Reclamation Ponds. Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems. 2018. No 3. P. 58-69 DOI:https://doi.org/10.31774/2222-1816-2018-3-58-69
