The impact of different growing technologies (extensive, which based on using natural soil fertility; normal, which provided by fertilizers and pesticides for average crop yield; intensive, provided for integrated system of fertilizing and plant protection; biologizing, based on applying of organic fertilizers and growth regulator “Agrovit-Kor”) and different types of main tillage (plowing by the depth of 27–30 cm; combined tillage by the depth of 16–18 cm and surface tillage by the depth of 8–10 cm) on the crop yield, quality and technological properties of grain of new cultivars of winter wheat (Aksinit and Yumpa) were under study. Multiple-factor field experiment was conducted in 2009–2012 in rotation at ordinary chernozem. Implementation of the intensive growing technology is the factor for getting the greatest yield of winter wheat grain of the cultivar Yumpa (6.74 t/ha) and durum winter wheat of the cultivar Aksinit (6.02 t/ha). The intensive technology provided the grain of high quality: protein content for cultivar Yumpa was 15.7–15.9 %, for cultivar Aksinit – 16.1–16.4 %; gluten content – 32.9–33.2 and 28.8–30.0 % respectively; grain-unit varied in the range of 809–811 and 791–793 g/l respectively. Such grain is fully satisfied the requirements for food wheat of soft and durum cultivars and provided high baking assessment (4.2–4.5 points) and quality of macaroni (3.5–4.0 points). The growth of intensification increased the gross production value (37740–39294 rub./ha) and decreased the profitability level due to the high production costs (21352–22500 rub./ha) comparing to the extensive technology. However, economic effect was obtained by improving grain quality and increasing production outcome.
Keywords: winter wheat, yield, grain quality, growing technology, main tillage of soil, economic efficiency.
