The paper considers the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the Rostov region. The volumes of mineral and organic fertilizers applying nowadays were analyzed. Comparative evaluation for efficiency of different mineral fertilizers for increasing crop yield was made. Presented in the paper, approximate calculation for the profit from yield increasing of winter wheat confirms the reasonability of nitric fertilizer use. As a result of calculation, there was established that theoretically in the Rostov region can be grown about 12 mln t of winter wheat (under the planned yield of 6 t/ha), that is exceeding 1.5 times the annual grain production in the region. Money equivalent for obtained production is 74.52 bln rubles (assumed according to Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange (MICEX) on 26 April 2012, that the price for wheat is 6.21 rubles per ton).
