THE INFLUENCE OF RAINFED CULTIVATION CONDITIONS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND WATER CONSUMPTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS

Authors:Voshedsky Nikolay N., Kulygin Vladimir A., Pasko Sergey V., Tseluiko Oksana A., Rychkova Marina I.

631.586:631.559
Theme: General Agriculture, Crop Science
Views: 27

Annotation

Purpose: to identify the effective background of mineral nutrition and water consumption features for agricultural crops (field pea, oilseed flax, winter wheat, sunflower) of a seven-field crop rotation under rainfed conditions in Rostov region.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2023–2024 at the Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre. The following fertilizer backgrounds were studied: pea (without fertilizers, N₁₅P₄₀K₄₀, N₃₀P₈₀K₈₀), oilseed flax (without fertilizers, N₃₀P₃₀K₃₀, N₆₀P₆₀K₆₀), winter wheat (without fertilizers, N₈₀P₆₀K₆₀, N₁₂₀P₈₀K₈₀), sunflower (without fertilizers, N₄₀P₄₀K₄₀, N₈₀P₈₀K₈₀). Fertilizers were applied in divided doses: during primary tillage and as top dressing. Primary cultivation was plowing. The soils were ordinary chernozem.

Results. The best crop yields were obtained in the wet 2023 year using the high-fertilizer treatments, amounting to 6.97 t/ha for winter wheat, 4.01 t/ha for sunflower, 3.72 t/ha for field peas, and 1.95 t/ha for oilseed flax. In 2023, the yield of winter wheat was 1.5 times higher, sunflower – 2.0 times, peas – 2.6 times, oilseed flax – 1.6 times compared to the data of the dry 2024. A high fertilizer rate provided the largest increases in yield by year in the following variants: peas – 47.6 and 30.6 %, oilseed flax – 27.5 and 18.8 %, winter wheat – 49.6 and 27.5 %, sunflower – 41.2 and 33.6 %, compared to the control. The best return on fertilizers (in active substance) was obtained under a moderate background when growing field peas (8.42 and 2.32 kg/kg), oilseed flax (2.89 and 1.44 kg/kg), and sunflower (6.50 and 1.67 kg/kg), and under a high background – winter wheat (8.25 and 3.54 kg/kg). A low water consumption coefficient in the wet 2023 was obtained for winter wheat – 46.0 mm/t, sunflower – 74.9 mm/t, and field peas – 82.3 mm/t, and in the dry 2024 – for oilseed flax – 134.2 mm/t.

Conclusion. The highest crop yields in wet and dry years were ensured by a high fertilizer background.

doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2026-16-2-205-226

Keywords

agricultural crops, fertilizers, yield, increase, water consumption

For quoting

Voshedsky N. N., Kulygin V. A., Pasko S. V., Tseluiko O. A., Rychkova M. I. The influence of rainfed cultivation conditions and fertilizers on the yield and water consumption of agricultural crops. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2026;16(2):205–226. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2026-16-2-205-226.

Authors

N. N. Voshedsky – Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (346735, Rostov region, Aksay district, Rassvet settlement, Institutskaya st., 1), nik.voshedskiy@mail.ru, AuthorID: 857099, ORCID: 0000-0002-0800-1572;

V. А. Kulygin – Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (346735, Rostov region, Aksay district, Rassvet settlement, Institutskaya st., 1), kulygin-vladimir@rambler.ru, AuthorID: 516506, ORCID: 0000-0001-6351-8569;

S. V. Pasko – Head of the Laboratory of Plant Biology, Agrochemistry and Varietal Agrotechnology, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (346735, Rostov region, Aksay district, Rassvet settlement, Institutskaya st., 1), pasko_s@mail.ru, AuthorID: 735230, ORCID: 0000-0003-2504-3448;

О. А. Tseluiko – Academic Secretary, Leading Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (346735, Rostov region, Aksay district, Rassvet settlement, Institutskaya st., 1), o.tseluyko@yandex.ru, AuthorID: 469446, ORCID: 0000-0001-9161-0346;

М. I. Rychkova – Senior Researcher, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rostov Agricultural Research Centre (346735, Rostov region, Aksay district, Rassvet settlement, Institutskaya st., 1), ruchkova-1980@list.ru, AuthorID: 946183, ORCID: 0000-0003-3236-6368.

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