Purpose: to present the features of methodological approaches to the development of layout and design solutions for fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels arranged as a part of low-head river waterworks.
Materials and methods. The empirical basis for the development was made up of the following: materials of design solutions, surveys and studies of the existing fish passage channels of the Ust-Manych waterworks on the Zapadny Manych River and fish passage-spawning channels arranged at the Nikolaevsky and Konstantinovsky waterworks on the Don River; project materials of the Bagaevsky and Kochetovsky fish passage-spawning channels. The development methodology provides for the use of technology of scientific analysis and synthesis of experimental data and engineering solutions for hydraulic structures.
Results. The essence of the study lies in the generalization of the author's recommendations and methods in the field of technical justification, design and development of layout and design solutions for fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels at waterworks and their structural and functional elements (inlet and outlet heads, channel tracts, head regulators and rest areas for fish). The issues of technical justification of channel projects cover the following positions: collection, processing and analysis of initial information on the object; determination of natural and technological conditions for channel functioning; selection of location, design and determination of their functional elements parameters; assessment of the quality of design solution in relation to the formation of conditions for spawning and passage from the lower pools of waterworks to the upper pools that meet the needs of migrating fish.
Conclusion. The main methodological provisions for the development of technical justification for the layout and design solutions of fish passage and spawning channels, arranged as part of low-head waterworks, are formulated.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-4-459-477
fish migration, fish spawning, fish reproduction structures, river waterworks, fish passage structure, fish passage and spawning channel, fish passage channel, channel construction, channel calculation, channel design
Shkura V. N., Shevchenko A. V. Features of designing fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels at waterworks. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2024;14(4):459–477. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2024-14-4-459-477.
1. Shkura Vl.N., Drobotov A.N., 2012. Rybokhodnye i rybokhodno-nerestovye kanaly: monografiya [Fish Passage and Fish Passage-Spawning Channels: monograph]. Novocherkassk, NGMA, 203 p., EDN: QMLXVV. (In Russian).
2. Shkura Vl.N., 2015. Rybovodnye melioratsii malykh i srednikh stepnykh rek (obosnovanie putey i sredstv ikh realizatsii): monografiya [Fish-Growing Land Reclamation of Minor and Medium-Sized Steppe Rivers (Substantiation of Ways and Means of Their Implementation): monograph]. Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute of Donskoy SAU, Novocherkassk, 197 p., EDN: VNCHVF. (In Russian).
3. Vokhmintseva E.V., 2019. Matematicheskaya model' raboty rybokhodno-nerestovogo kanala [Mathematical model of the fish passage-spawning channel]. Inzhenernye kadry – budushchee innovatsionnoy ekonomiki Rossii [Engineering Personnel – the Future of the Innovative Economy of Russia], no. 5, pp. 151-153, EDN: GBGNHP. (In Russian).
4. Chistyakov A.A., Chemikosova E.A., 2005. Funktsional'nyy analiz elementov rybokhodno-nerestovogo kanala [Functional analysis of elements of the fish passage-spawning channel]. Okhrana i vozobnovlenie gidroflory i ikhtiofauny. Trudy Akademii problem vodokhozyaystvennykh nauk: sb. st. [Protection and Restoration of Hydroflora and Ichthyofauna. Proceedings of the Academy of Problems of Water Management Sciences: Collection of articles]. Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation; Acad. of Problems of Water Management Sciences of Russia; Novocherkassk State Land Reclamation Academy. Novocherkassk, pp. 88-97, EDN: TQYMNZ. (In Russian).
5. Baki A.B.M., Azimi A.H., 2021. Hydraulics and design of fishways II: vertical-slot and rock-weir fishways. Journal of Ecohydraulics, DOI: 10.1080/24705357.2021.1981780.
6. Brito-Santos J.L., Dias Silva K., Brasil L.S., da Silva J.B., Santos A.M., de Sousa L.M., Vieira T.B., 2021. Fishway in hydropower dams: a scientometric analysis. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 28 Oct., vol. 193, 752, https:doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09360-z, EDN: YVELEM.
7. Khrapkovsky V.A., Shkura Vl.N., 2008. Ob oshibkakh v proekte “meliorativno-rybokhodnogo” kanala Ust'-Manychskogo gidrouzla [On the mistakes in the project of the “reclamation-fish passage” channel of the Ust-Manych waterworks]. Melioratsiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakt. konf., posvyashchennoy 75-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya akad. RASKhN B. B. Shumakova [Land Reclamation and Water Management: Proc. of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conf., Dedicated to the 75th Anniversary of the birth of academician RAAS B. B. Shumakov]. Novocherkassk, pp. 234-241, EDN: JWNZSB. (In Russian).
8. Anokhin A.M., 2003. Gidrotekhnicheskie sooruzheniya na rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalakh [Hydraulic structures on fish passage-spawning channels]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel'stvo: sb. nauch. trudov regionalnoy nauchno-tekhn. konf. “Gidrotekhnika, gidravlika i ekologiya” [Hydraulic Engineering: Coll. of Scientific Papers of the Regional Scientific-Technical Conf. “Hydraulic Engineering, Hydraulics and Ecology”]. Novocherkassk, pp. 8-10, EDN: UDTIOP. (In Russian).
9. Borovskoy V.P., 1987. Ratsional'noe raspolozhenie vkhodnykh ogolovkov rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalov [Rational arrangement of inlet heads of fish passage and spawning channels]. Sooruzheniya rybopropusknykh i rybozashchitnykh kompleksov: sb. nauch. tr. [Structures of Fish Passage and Fish Protection Complexes: Coll. of scientific papers]. State Agro-Industrial Committee of the USSR; Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute named after A. K. Kortunov. Novocherkassk, pp. 42-51, EDN: TEUKUV. (In Russian).
10. Dubinina V.G., 2019. [Requirements for fishery under water reservoirs management]. Ekosistemy: ekologiya i dinamika, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 67-97, available: http:ecosystemsdynamic.ru/trebovaniya-rybnogo-xozyajstva-pri-upravlenii-rezhimami-vodoxranilishh/ [accessed 09.12.2023], DOI: 10.24411/2542-2006-2019-10027, EDN: LEPNRA. (In Russian).
11. Zhukova S.V., 2020. Obespechennost' vodnymi resursami rybnogo khozyaystva Nizhnego Dona [Availability of water resources for the Lower Don fisheries]. Vodnye bioresursy i sreda obitaniya [Aquatic Bioresources and Environment], vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7-9, DOI: 10.47921/2619-1024_2020_3_1_7, EDN: GJGTCJ. (In Russian).
12. Vvedensky O.G., 2019. Povyshenie effektivnosti raboty rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalov [Improving the efficiency of fish passage and spawning channels]. Aktual'nye problemy stroitel'nogo i dorozhnogo kompleksov: materialy Mezhdunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf., posvyashch. 50-letiyu Instituta stroitel’stva i arkhitektury PGTU [Current Issues of Construction and Road Complexes: Proc. of the Int. Scientific and Technical Conf., Dedicated to the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture of PSTU]. Yoshkar-Ola, pp. 266-273, EDN: ZMBBCJ. (In Russian).
13. Martynenko V.N., 2020. Rybokhodnyy kanal v sostave gidrouzla [Fish passage canal as part of a waterworks]. Inzhenernye kadry – budushchee innovatsionnoy ekonomiki Rossii [Engineering Personnel – the Future of Russia's Innovative Economy], no. 5, pp. 150-152, EDN: XEFPTI. (In Russian).
14. Shkura V.N., Shevchenko A.V., 2022. [Design and calculation of fish passage and spawning channel tracts at waterworks]. Melioratsiya i gidrotekhnika, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 244-263, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1304 [accessed 09.12.2023], DOI: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-244-263, EDN: ZVMGOC. (In Russian).
15. Shevchenko A.V., Shkura V.N., 2023. Raschet i konstruirovanie vykhodnykh uchastkov (ogolovkov) rybokhodnykh i rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalov [Calculation and design of outlet sections (heads) of fish passage and fish passage-spawning channels]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 1(89), pp. 159-169, EDN: ZEFHAY. (In Russian).
16. Shevchenko A.V., Shkura V.N., 2023. Golovnye regulyatory dlya rybokhodnykh (rybokhodno-nerestovykh) kanalov s poligonal'nym poperechnym secheniem trakta [Head regulators for fish passage (fish passage-spawning) channels with a polygonal cross-section of the tract]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 2(90), pp. 67-74, EDN: SZIPAA. (In Russian).
17. Shkura V.N., Shevchenko A.V., 2022. Komponovochno-konstruktivnye resheniya vkhodnykh ogolovkov prigidrouzlovykh rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalov s dopolnitel'nym blokom pitaniya [Constructive-layout arrangement of entrance head of waterworks' fish passage and spawning channels with an optional power supply unit]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture], no. 3(87), pp. 69-76, EDN: WYEGGZ. (In Russian).
18. Pavlov D.S., Skorobogatov M.A., 2014. Migratsii ryb v zaregulirovannykh rekakh: monografiya [Fish Migrations in Regulated Rivers: monograph]. Moscow, KMK Scientific Publ. Partnership, 413 p., EDN: TZCLYD. (In Russian).
19. Golovanov V.K., Poddubny A.G., 1976. Povedenie osetrovykh v nizhnem b'efe Kochetovskogo gidrouzla [Behavior of sturgeons in the downstream of the Kochetovsky waterworks]. Biologiya vnutrennikh vod: inform. byul. [Biology of Internal Waters: Inform. Bull.]. Leningrad, no. 29, pp. 54-56, EDN: ZDVSSJ. (In Russian).
20. Malevanchik B.S., Nikonorov I.V., 1984. Rybopropusknye i rybozashchitnye sooruzheniya [Fish Passages and Fish Protection Structures]. Moscow, Light and Food Industry Pub., 256 p. (In Russian).
