EROSION PROCESSES DURING THE MELT WATER RUNOFF IN THE SOUTH OF THE EUROPEAN PART OF RUSSIA

Authors:Poluektov Evgeniy V., Balakay Georgiy T.

631.4:551.5
Theme: Land reclamation, water manadgement and agrophysics
Views: 1805

Annotation

Purpose: to determine the regularities of melt water runoff and soil erosion on the chernozems of Rostov region for a long-term observation period of 1970–2021.

Methods. Field experiments were carried out on slopes on compacted arable land (perennial and winter crops) and loose arable land (autumn ploughing). Measuring of melt water runoff and precipitation during the period of snow melting and soil washout was carried out on the water balance site of Stepnoy village Rostov region. The main physical and water-physical properties of soil during the snow melting period (freezing depth, moisture content of the upper soil layer 0.30 cm, water permeability) were studied according to generally accepted methods.

Results. An analysis of field observations for the period from 1970 to 2021 was carried out for the parameter “snow water reserves before melting + precipitation during the snow melting period”, which averaged 47.8 mm over 52 years on compacted arable land and 43.15 mm on loose arable land, the runoff coefficient was higher on compacted arable land and amounted to 0.25 and 0.10, respectively; with appearance of surface runoff of 10.6 t/ha, this indicator increased to 5.9 and 20.7 t/ha on loose arable land, respectively. Mathematical analysis of the data made it possible to establish the relationship between the values of runoff, soil washout and water reserves in snow, the depth of soil freezing and water permeability during the runoff period.

Conclusions. Long-term studies (52 years) found that there is a greater accumulation of water in snow on compacted arable land than on loose arable land, while the runoff coefficient was 2.5 times higher on compacted arable land, but the plants retain soil particles on compacted arable land, and soil washout on average over the years with the manifestation of surface runoff, was 10.6 t/ha, while on loose arable land this figure increased to 20.7 t/ha. The relationship between runoff rate, soil washout and water reserves in snow, the depth of soil freezing and water permeability during the runoff has been determined.

doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2023-13-1-1-18

Keywords

melt water, erosion, surface runoff, soil washout, soil status, compacted and loose arable land

For quoting

Poluektov E. V., Balakay G. T. Erosion processes during the melt water runoff in the south of the European part of Russia. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2023;13(1):1–18. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2023-13-1-1-18.

Authors

E. V. Poluektov – Head of the Chair of Soil Science, Irrigated Agriculture and Geodesy, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute – branch of the Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, rekngma@magnet.ru

G. T. Balakay – Chief Researcher, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems, Novocherkassk, Russian Federation, balakaygt@rambler.ru

Bibliography

1. Shchedrin V.N., Balakay G.T., Poluektov E.V., Balakay N.I., 2016. Usloviya formirovaniya poverkhnostnogo stoka. Prognoz prichinyaemogo ushcherba. Kompensatsionnye meliorativnye meropriyatiya [Conditions for the Formation of Surface Runoff. Forecast of Damage Caused. Compensatory Reclamation Measures]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM Publ., 450 p. (In Russian).

2. Poluektov E.V., Balakay G.T., 2020. [Impact of climate change on the melt water runoff in the south of Russia]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii, no. 4(40), pp. 88-102, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1161 [accessed 29.10.2022], DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-88-102. (In Russian).

3. Litvin L.F., Kiryukhina Z.P., Krasnov S.F., Dobrovolskaya N.G., 2017. Geografiya dinamiki zemledel'cheskoy erozii pochv evropeyskoy territorii Rossii [Dynamics of agricultural soil erosion in European Russia]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 11, pp. 1390-1400, DOI: 10.7868/S0032180X17110089. (In Russian).

4. Collins D.N., 1979. Sediment concentration in melt waters as an indicator of erosion processes beneath an alpine glacier. Journal of Glaciology, 23(89), pp. 247-257, DOI: 10.3189/S0022143000029877.

5. Mangalassery S., Sjogersten S., Sparkes D.L., Mooney S.J., 2015. Examining the potential for climate change mitigation from zero tillage. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Sept., vol. 153, iss. 7, pp. 1151-1173, https:doi.org/10.1017/S0021859614001002.

6. Zholinsky N.M., Korableva I.N., Tarbaev V.A., Gafurov R.R., Arkad’eva A.A., Nesvat A.P., 2019. Sovremennye tendentsii izmeneniya vodnoy erozii pochvy na sklonovykh agrolandshaftakh Saratovskogo Pravoberezh'ya [Current trends in changes in soil water erosion on slope agricultural landscapes of the Saratov Right Bank]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Proceedings of Orenburg State Agrarian University], no. 4(78), pp. 34-37. (In Russian).

7. Surmach G.P., 1976. Vodnaya eroziya i bor'ba s ney [Water Erosion and its Control]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 256 p. (In Russian).

8. Barabanov A.T., Kulik A.V., 2017. Nauchnoe obosnovanie innovatsionnogo proekta agrolesomeliorativnogo adaptivno-landshaftnogo obustroystva balochnykh vodosborov [Scientific substantiation of the innovative project of agroforestry adaptive-landscape-reclamation arrangement of gully watersheds]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie [Proc. of Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 2(46), pp. 67-73. (In Russian).

9. Sukhomlinova N.B., Cheshev A.S., 2019. Ekologo-meliorativnye meropriyatiya v rayonakh s razvitoy eroziey pochv [Ecological and reclamation activities in areas with developed soil erosion]. Ekonomika i ekologiya territorial'nykh obrazovaniy [Economics and Ecology of Territorial Formations], vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 35-45, https:doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2019-3-1-35-45. (In Russian).

10. Elhakim A.F., 2016. Estimation of soil permeability. Alexandria Engineering Journal, Aug., vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 2631-2638, DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2016.07.034.

11. Poluektov E.V., 2020. Eroziya pochv i plodorodie: monografiya [Soil Erosion and Fertility: monograph]. Novocherkassk Reclamation Engineering Institute Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 229 p. (In Russian).

12. Poluektov E.V., Balakay G.T., Tishchenko A.I., 2022. [Storm erosion on ordinary chernozems]. Melioratsiya i gidrotekhnika, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 29-43, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1291 [accessed 29.10.2022], https:doi.org/10.31774/ 2712-9357-2022-12-3-29-43. (In Russian).

13. Kulik A.V., Gordienko O.A., 2022. Usloviya formirovaniya poverkhnostnogo stoka talykh vod na sklonovykh zemlyakh yuga Privolzhskoy vozvyshennosti [Conditions of snowmelt runoff formation on slopes in the south of the Volga Upland]. Pochvovedenie [Eurasian Soil Science], no. 1, pp. 44-45, DOI: 10.31857/S0032180X22010099. (In Russian).

14. Balakay G.T., Balakai N.I., Babichev A.N., Balakay S.G., Monastyrsky V.A., Olgarenko V.I., 2016. Proektirovanie, sozdanie i ukhod za zashchitnymi lesnymi nasazhdeniyami na zemlyakh sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya [Design, Creation and Maintenance of Protective Forest Plantations on Agricultural Land]. Novocherkassk, 102 p., deposited in VINITI RAS on 04.05.2016, no. 69-B2016. (In Russian).

15. Vadyunina A.F., Korchagina Z.A., 1986. Metody issledovaniya fizicheskikh svoystv pochv: uchebnoe posobie [Methods for Studying the Physical Properties of Soils: textbook]. 3rd ed., rev., Moscow, Agropromizdat Publ., 415 p. (In Russian).