Purpose: to develop a layout and design solution for the Bagaevsky fish passage and spawning complex near its waterworks on the basis of a fish passage and spawning channel for the passage and spawning of litho- and rheophils and a system of managed spawning grounds for phytophilous fish species.
Materials and methods. The factual basis of the development was data on the fishery, hydrological, socio-economic and topographic conditions for the creation and operation of fishery facilities at the Bagaevsky waterworks on the river Don. When developing technical solutions for the complex, the methods of scientific analysis and search-design technologies were used.
Results. Taking into account the current state of natural reproduction of especially valuable anadromous (sturgeon, herring and cyprinids), valuable semi-anadromous fish (bream, pike perch, carp, roach) and the special fish breeding significance of the Bagaevsky waterworks, it was proposed to build here a fish passage and spawning complex, including a fish passage and spawning channel and a system of artificial spawning grounds with controlled environmental conditions in the canal and spawning ponds. The installation of a meander-shaped fish passage and spawning channel with a length of 5325 m and a trapezoidal section with a bottom width of 36.0 m and a water flow depth of 2.5 m, designed to pass 100 cubic m/s, with an average flow velocity of 0.895 m/s is proposed. The channel is made with a slope of 0.000338, and its bottom and slopes are fixed with a gravel-pebble-stone mixture of different size fractional composition, which is the fastening of its bed and a spawning substrate for lithophiles. Spawning-growth ponds with appropriate conditions for their use by phytophilous fish species are provided inside the meanders of the canal.
Conclusions. In order to ensure the reproduction of populations of litho- and phytophilic fish species in upstream of river waterworks, it is proposed to arrange fish passage and spawning complexes at waterworks. A layout and design solution for the fish passage and spawning complex has been developed for the conditions of its construction and operation as part of the low-head Bagaevsky waterwork on the river Don.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-4-349-366
fish passage and spawning canal, anadromous fish, artificial spawning ground, fish passage tract, inlet and outlet headwalls
Shkura V. N., Baev O. A., Shevchenko A. V. Fish passage and spawning complex as a part of the Bagaevsky waterworks on the river Don. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(4):349–366. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-4-349-366.
1. Chistyakov A.A., 2004. Konstruktsii rybokhodnykh i rybokhodno-nerestovykh kanalov: ucheb. posobie [Designs of Fish Passage and Fish Passage and Spawning Channels: textbook]. Novocherkassk State Reclamation Academy, Novocherkassk, 150 p. (In Russian).
2. Shkura Vl.N., Drobotov A.N., 2012. Rybokhodnye i rybokhodno-nerestovye kanaly [Fish Passage and Fish Passage and Spawning Channels]. Novocherkassk State Reclamation Academy, Novocherkassk, NGMA, 203 p. (In Russian).
3. Volovik S.P., Kovtun I.F., Korneev A.A., Shkura V.N., Borovskoy V.P., 1986. Opyt ekspluatatsii obvodnykh nerestovo-rybokhodnykh kanalov pri nizkonapornykh gidrouzlakh na Nizhnem Donu [Experience in operating bypass spawning and fish passage channels at low-head hydroelectric facilities on the Lower Don]. Gidrotekhnicheskie rybokhozyaystvennye sooruzheniya i ruslovaya gidrotekhnika: sb. st. Gos. agroprom. kom. SSSR [Hydrotechnical Fishery Facilities and Channel Hydraulic Engineering: Proc. of State Agroindustrial Complex USSR]. Novocherkassk Sate Reclamation Engineering Academy, Novocherkassk, pp. 10-20. (In Russian).
4. Dubinina V.G., 2019. Trebovaniya rybnogo khozyaystva pri upravlenii rezhimami vodokhranilishch [Requirements of the fish industry in 1986 - the management of reservoir regimes]. Ekosistemy: ekologiya i dinamika [Ecosystems: Ecology and Dynamics], vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 67-97, DOI: 10.24411/2542-2006-2019-10027. (In Russian).
5. Belousov V.N., 2016. Posledniy rubezh estestvennogo vosproizvodstva v Azovo-Donskom rayone [The last frontier of natural fish reproduction in the Azov-Don region]. Rybnoe khozyaystvo [Fisheries], no. 4, pp. 14-19. (In Russian).
6. Anokhin A.M., Shchepkina V.A., 2018. Programma vozrozhdeniya rybnykh zapasov Yuga Rossii “Serebryanyy potok Dona” [Program of revival of fish stocks in the South of Russia “Silver Stream of the Don”]. Aktual'nye voprosy rybolovstva, rybovodstva (akvakul'tury) i ekologicheskogo monitoringa vodnykh ekosistem: materialy Mezhdunar. nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 90-letiyu Azovskogo nauch.-issled. instituta rybnogo khozyaystva [Current Issues of Fisheries, Fish Breeding (Aquaculture), and Ecological Monitoring of Aquatic Ecosystems: Proc. of the International Scientific-Practical Conference, Dedicated to the 90th Anniversary of Azov Scientific Research Institute of Fishery], pp. 102-105. (In Russian).
7. Shurukhin L.A., Pantina T.A., 2017. Proekt stroitel'stva Bagaevskogo gidrouzla kak elementa edinoy sistemy vnutrennikh vodnykh putey evropeyskoy chasti Rossii [The construction project of the Bagaevsky waterworks as an element of a unified system of inland waterways of the European part of Russia]. Transport Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Transport of the Russian Federation], no. 5(72), pp. 69-72. (In Russian).
8. Shurukhin L.A., 2018. Bagaevskiy gidrouzel: inzhenernye resheniya i itogi proektirovaniya [The Bagaevsky hydroelectric complex: engineering solutions and design results]. Gidrotekhnika [Hydraulic Engineering], no. 3, pp. 41-46. (In Russian).
9. Gaidaev S.K., 2019. Rybovodnye sooruzheniya nizkonapornogo Bagaevskogo gidrouzla na reke Don [Fishways of the Bagaevsky low-head hydroelectric engineering complex on the Don river]. Gidrotekhnika [Hydraulic Engineering], no. 2(55), pp. 22-25. (In Russian).
10. Pavlov D.S., 1979. Biologicheskie osnovy upravleniya povedeniem ryb v potoke vody [Biological Bases of Fish Behavior Control in Water Flow]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 320 p. (In Russian).
11. Brito-Santos J.L., Dias-Silva K., Brasil L.S., da Silva J.B., Santos A.M., de Sousa L.M., Vieira T.B., 2021. Fishway in hydropower dams: a scientometric analysis. Envi-ronmental Monitoring and Assessment, 28 Oct., vol. 193, pp. 1-17, https:doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09360-z.
12. Pereira H.R., Gomes L.F., Barbosa H.O., Pelicice F.M., Nabout J.C., Teresa F.B., Vieira L.C.G., 2020. Research on dams and fishes: Determinants, directions, and gaps in the world scientific production. Hydrobiologia, vol. 847, pp. 579-592, https:doi.org/10.1007/s10750-019-04122-y.
13. Pavlov D.S., Skorobogatov M.A., 2014. Migratsii ryb v zaregulirovannykh rekakh [Fish Migrations in Regulated Rivers]. Moscow, Association of Scientific ed. KMK, 413 p. (In Russian).
14. Borovskoy V.P., Garbuz A.Yu., Baev O.A., 2018. [Method of hydraulic calculation of a spawning canal with different-fraction gravel-pebble bed cover]. Nauchnyy zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII problem melioratsii, no. 1(29), pp. 233-248, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=923 [accessed 30.01.2022]. (In Russian).
15. Shkura V.N., Shevchenko A.V., 2022. [Experience in the arrangement and design of fish pass and spawning canals at the Nizhne-Donskoy cascade of low-head waterwork facilities]. Ekologiya i vodnoe khozyaystvo, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 50-69, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm1.ru/article?n=135 [accessed 30.01.2022], https:doi.org/10.31774/2658-7890-2022-4-1-50-69. (In Russian).
