Purpose: to determine the impact of low-mineralized sulfate-sodium water on ordinary chernozem properties in the Miusskaya irrigation system under various conditions of land reclamation.
Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Neklinovsky district Rostov region on ordinary chernozems. Three plots have been selected: non-irrigated, irrigated grain fodder crop rotation with annual irrigation rates of 1500–2500 m³/ha and irrigated vegetable crop rotation with annual irrigation rates of 3000–4000 m³/ha. Irrigation of these crop rotations has been carried out for more than 20 years. Irrigation source is the Miussky liman. Soil samples were taken in autumn, and the composition of water-soluble salts, pH of water extract, absorbed bases, aggregate water resistance, and humus were determined in them. The selection of soil samples, their analysis and evaluation were carried out according to generally accepted methods.
Results. Long-term irrigation with low-mineralized (1.3–1.7 g/dm³) sulfate-sodium water adversely affects the ordinary chernozem properties (the chemistry of salinity from sulfate transforms into chloride-sulfate). According to the degree of salinity, chernozems remain non-saline, but the amount of salts increases by almost 2 times over the entire soil profile due to their washing deep into the autumn-winter precipitation. Non salt soils are transformed into solonetsous ones with varying degrees of absorbed sodium content in the 0–60 cm layer: 5 % (grain forage crop rotation) and 7–12 % of the total soil absorption complex (vegetable crop rotation). Calcium loss in the 0–60 cm layer is from 14 to 18–22 %, respectively. Conclusions. The alkalinity of chernozem, which occurs during long-term irrigation with low-mineralized sulfate-sodium water, generally affects soil fertility. This is evidenced by the close relationship between humus and the amount of exchangeable sodium in soil (R² = 0.84), between the aggregate water resistance and the amount of exchangeable sodium in soil (R² = 0.89).
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-1-14
soil, irrigation, water, transformation, reclamation
Shalashova O. Yu., Rubtsov I. P. Transformation of ordinary chernozem during long-term irrigation with low-mineralized sulfate-sodium water. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(3):1–14. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-3-1-14.
1. Panov N.P., Mamontov V.G., 2001. Pochvennye protsessy v oroshaemykh chernozemakh i kashtanovykh pochvakh i puti predotvrashcheniya ikh degradatsii [Soil Processes in Irrigated Chernozems and Chestnut Soils and Ways to Prevent Their Degradation]. Moscow, 253 p. (In Russian).
2. Demin A.P., 2021. Izmenenie sostoyaniya oroshaemykh zemel' Rossii v 1990–2018 godakh [Change in the state of irrigated lands in Russia in 1990–2018]. Glavnyy agronom [Chief Agronomist], no. 2, pp. 27-31. (In Russian).
3. Shchedrin V.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2018. [Negative soil processes during regular irrigation of various soil types]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 2(30), pp. 1-21, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=926 [accessed 15.04.2022]. (In Russian).
4. Meliorativnyy kompleks Rossiyskoy Federatsii: inform. izd. [Reclamation Complex of the Russian Federation: inform. ed.]. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2020, 304 p. (In Russian).
5. Kireycheva L.V., Yurchenko I.F., Yashin V.M., 2017. Nauchnye osnovy sozdaniya i upravleniya meliorativnymi sistemami v Rossii [Scientific Basics of Creation and Management of Reclamation Systems in Russia]. Moscow, All-Russia Research Institute of Agro-chemistry Publ., 296 p. (In Russian).
6. Al-Zu'bi Y., 2007. Effect of irrigation water on agricultural soil in Jordan valley: An example from arid area conditions. Journal of Arid Environments, no. 7, pp. 63-79, https:doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.001.
7. Camporese М., Gumiere S.J., Putti М., Botter G., 2021. Efficient irrigation of maize through soil moisture monitoring and modeling. Front. Water, no. 3, https:doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.627551.
8. Doklad o sostoyanii i ispol'zovanii zemel' sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii v 2021 godu [Report on the State and Use of Agricultural Land of the Russian Federation in 2021]. Moscow, Rosinformagrotekh Publ., 2022, 404 p. (In Russian).
9. Benin D.M., Snezhko V.L., 2019. Otsenka sostoyaniya zemel' meliorativnykh sistem metodom klasternogo analiza [Assessment of land reclamation systems by cluster analysis methods]. Vestnik Yevraziyskoy nauki [Bulletin of Eurasian Science], vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-11, available: https:esj.today/51SAVN419.html [accessed 20.03.2022]. (In Russian).
10. Sinitsyna N.E., Pavlova T.I., Mokhonko Yu.N., 2012. Otsenka agromeliorativnykh i ekologicheskikh priemov vosproizvodstva plodorodiya oroshaemykh pochv zasushlivogo Povolzh'ya: monografiya [Evaluation of Agro-reclamation and Ecological Methods of Reproduction of the Fertility of Irrigated Soils of the Arid Volga Region: monograph]. Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, Saratov GAU named after N.I. Vavilov, Saratov, 102 p. (In Russian).
11. Skuratov N.S., Dokuchaeva L.M., Shalashova O.Yu., 2001. Ispol'zovanie i okhrana oroshaemykh chernozemov [Use and Protection of Irrigated Chernozems]. Moscow, Meliovodinform Publ., 246 p. (In Russian).
12. Andreev G.I., Kozlechkov G.A., 2007. Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie oroshaemykh pochv na Nizhnem Donu [Ecological State of Irrigated Soils in the Lower Don]. Rostov-on-Don, 262 p. (In Russian).
13. Babichev A.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2020. [Factors enhancing the adverse effects of long-term irrigation on the ordinary chernozem properties]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 4(40), pp. 1-22, available: http:rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1156 [accessed 20.03.2022], DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-1-22. (In Russian).
14. Shchedrin V.N., Balakay G.T., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., Shalashova O.Yu., Tabala G.I., 2017. Rukovodstvo po kontrolyu i regulirovaniyu pochvennogo plodorodiya oroshaemykh zemel' [Guidelines for Control and Regulation of Soil Fertility of Irrigated Lands]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM, 137 p. (In Russian).
