Purpose: to analyze the efficiency of formation of levels of soil cover protection from water and wind erosion on the territory of Rostov region using techniques, technologies, measures, from the simplest to those presented by various models of the modern system of adaptive landscape agriculture, to determine their quantitative characteristics for the surface runoff retention.
Materials and methods. Based on the results of our own research on the territory of the Azov sloping plain (soils – ordinary chernozems, medium-eroded), the effectiveness of agrotechnical methods carried out without complicating technological operations, special agrotechnical methods, as well as their combination with other erosion-preventive methods and measures based on the adaptive landscape organization of the territory were analyzed.
Results. Erosion-protective measures are divided into three levels. Agrotechnical techniques performed by mass-produced implement (the first level of protection) have a low flow-holding capacity. Special agrotechnical methods (the second level of protection) are also not highly effective: the layer of runoff they detain is limited to 15–25 mm, but their use is desirable, especially in the zone of insufficient and unstable moisture. The most effective is the combination of soil protection measures (the third level of protection). Over the 39-year period of research, with the complete placement of agricultural crops and agrophones, soil wash-off averaged 16.5 t/ha, with contour-strip in combination with special agrotechnical methods – 4.2 t/ha, with an increase of this option, by the flow-regulating forest belt – 1.1 t/ha, with the strenghening of the forest belt with the simplest hydro-technical structure (spoil-ditch), the runoff reached a minimum value (0.2 t/ha).
Conclusions: according to the experimental data obtained, the interaction of techniques and measures can be used for a scientific based choice of a system of soil protection measures on an adaptive landscape basis.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-1-99-118
adaptive landscape organization of the territory, erosion, soil loss, complex of soil protection measures
Poluektov E. V., Sukhomlinova N. B. Analysis of the efficiency of soil conservation practices and measures for their flow-regulating ability. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(1):99–118. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-1-99-118.
1. Doklad o sostoyanii i ispol'zovanii zemel' v Rostovskoy oblasti v 2019 godu [Report on the State and Use of Land in Rostov Region in 2019]. Rostov-on-Don, Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography; Department of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastral Records and Cartography for Rostov Region, 2020, 49 p. (In Russian).
2. Poluektov E.V., Sukhomlinova N.B., 2017. Zashchita pochv ot erozii i deflyatsii v Rostovskoy oblasti: rekomendatsii [Soil Protection from Erosion and Deflation in Rostov Region: Recommendations]. Novocherkassk Engineering and Land Reclamation Institute, Don State Agrarian University, Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 67 p. (In Russian).
3. Zemel'nyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 25 okt. 2001 g. № 136-FZ [Land code of the Russian Federation of 25 October, 2001, no. 136-FZ], as amended on July 2, 2021, as amended and supplemented, entered into force on September 1, 2021, available: http:www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_33773/ [accessed 01.10.2021]. (In Russian).
4. O zemleustroystve [On land management]. Federal Law of Russian Federation of 18 June, 2001, no. 78-FZ, last ed., available: http:www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_32132/ [accessed 01.10.2021]. (In Russian).
5. Podlesnykh I.V., Zarudnaya T.Ya., 2017. Konturno-meliorativnoe zemledelie – osnova bor'by s eroziey pochvy [Contour-reclamation agriculture - the basis of the fight against soil erosion]. Aktual'nye problemy zemledeliya i zashchity pochv ot erozii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii i Shkoly molodykh uchenykh, posvyashchnoy Godu ekologii i 50-letiyu vykhoda Postanovleniya o bor'be s eroziey pochvy [Actual Problems of Agriculture and Soil Protection from Erosion: Proc. of the International Scientific-Practical Conference and School of Young Scientists Dedicated to the Year of Ecology and the 50th Anniversary of the Release of the Decree on Soil Erosion Control]. Kursk, pp. 227-229. (In Russian).
6. Kuznetsov M.S., Glazunov G.P., 2019. Eroziya i okhrana pochv: uchebnik dlya vuzov [Erosion and Soil Protection: textbook for universities]. 3rd ed., rev. and add., Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 387 p. (In Russian).
7. Gostev A.V., Plotnikov V.A., Nikitchenko L.B., 2017. Povyshenie effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya glubokorykhliteley [Increasing the efficiency of the use of deep tillers]. Aktual'nye problemy zemledeliya i zashchity pochv ot erozii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii i Shkoly molodykh uchenykh, posvyashchnoy Godu ekologii i 50-letiyu vykhoda Postanovleniya o bor'be s eroziey pochvy [Actual Problems of Agriculture and Soil Protection from Erosion: Proc. of the International Scientific-Practical Conference and School of Young Scientists Dedicated to the Year of Ecology and the 50th Anniversary of the Release of the Decree on the Soil Erosion Control]. Kursk, pp. 106-113. (In Russian).
8. Izmail A.A., 1949. Izbrannye sochineniya [Selected Works]. Moscow, State Publishing House of Agricultural Literature, 336 p. (In Russian).
9. Gryzlov E.V., 1975. Pochvozashchitnaya sistema zemledeliya: monografiya [Soil Protection System of Agriculture: Monograph]. Rostov-on-Don, Rostov Publ., 136 p. (In Russian).
10. Maksyutov N.A., Zorov A.A., Skorokhodov V.Yu., Mitrofanov D.V., Kaftan Yu.V., Zenkova N.A., 2020. Agrotekhnicheskie priemy predotvrashcheniya erozionnykh protsessov v stepnoy zone Yuzhnogo Urala [Agrotechnical methods of preventing erosion processes in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals]. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Bulletin of Orenburg State Agrarian University], no. 3(83), pp. 9-13. (In Russian).
11. Malyshev A.V., Goleusov P.V., 2019. Kriticheskoe znachenie faktora rel'efa i erozionnaya opasnost' agrolandshaftov Belgorodskoy oblasti [Critical value of the relief factor and the erosion hazard of agricultural landscapes in Belgorod region]. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Estestvennyye nauki [Scientific Bulletin of Belgorod State University. Series: Natural Sciences], vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 63-75. (In Russian).
12. Nedikova E.V., Sadygov E.A., Nedikov K.D., 2019. Osobennosti zashchity zemel' sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya ot vodnoy i vetrovoy erozii [Features of protection of agricultural lands from water and wind erosion]. Region: sistemy, ekonomika, upravlenie [Region: Systems, Economics, Management], no. 3(46), pp. 112-117. (In Russian).
13. Ivonin V.M., 2020. [Research of erosion-preventive role of forest belts on slopes]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 1(37), pp. 52-73, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=1032 [accessed 01.10.2021], DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-1-52-73. (In Russian).
14. Lopyrev M.I., Tarasova N.V., 2020. Ustroystvo agrolandshaftov dlya zemledeliya i v chem “sila landshaftov” [Arrangement of agricultural landscapes for agriculture and what is the “power of landscapes”]. Aktual'nye problemy funktsionirovaniya ustoychivykh agrotsenozov v sisteme adaptivno-landshaftnogo zemledeliya: materialy Vserossiiskoy nauchno-prakicheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem i Vserossiiskoy shkoly molodykh uchenykh, posvyashchnnoy 45-letiyu so dnya obrazovaniya Belgorodskogo FANTS RAN [Actual Problems of the Functioning of Sustainable Agrocenoses in the System of Adaptive Landscape Agriculture: Proc. of the All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference with International Participation and All-Russian School of Young Scientists Dedicated to the 45th Anniversary of the Foundation of Belgorod FANTS RAS]. Belgorod, pp. 172-183. (In Russian).
15. Savelyeva D.A., Kalichkin V.K., 2021. Vnutrisezonnyy monitoring vodnoy erozii pochv pashni v podtayge Zapadnoy Sibiri [Intraseasonal monitoring of water erosion of arable land in subtaiga of Western Siberia]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK [Achievements of Science and Technology of the Agro-Industrial Complex], no. 5, pp. 15-21. (In Russian).
16. Poluektov E.V., 2020. Eroziya pochv i plodorodie [Soil Erosion and Fertility]. Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 229 p. (In Russian).
17. Alcamo J., Döll P., Henrichs T., Kaspar F., Lehner B., Rösch T., Siebert S., 2003. Global estimates of water withdrawals and availability under current and future “business of usual” conditions. Hydrological Sciences J., 48(3), pp. 339-342, https:doi.org/10.1623/hysj.48.3.339.45278.
18. Karmakar R., Das I., Dutta D., Rakshit A., 2016. Potential effects of climate change on soil properties: A review. Science International, vol. 4, pp. 51-73, DOI: 10.17311/sciintl.2016.51.73.
