Purpose: to assess water quality in water bodies and canals that fill the Chogray reservoir (ChR) and feed the Chernozemelskaya irrigation-water distribution system (ChIS).
Methods. Water sampling was carried out from the Kuma river, the ChR, Tersko-Kumsky (TKC), Kumo-Manychsky and Chernozemelsky main canals. The collected samples were analyzed by generally accepted methods. The water quality assessment was carried out in several directions: the content of harmful substances in accordance with the maximum permissible concentrations, determination of water class by salinity and hazard of developing unfavorable soil processes, determination of water suitability for drip irrigation systems.
Results. It was found that the best quality is inherent to TKC water: in terms of mineralization (198 mg/dm³) and the hazard of developing unfavorable soil processes, it corresponds to the first class, the use of this water allows cultivation of various agricultural crops, filling the ChR with this water contributed to the minimum accumulation of salts. In the section from the Otkaznensky reservoir to the Levokumsky waterworks, deterioration of water quality indicators was found out. Mineralization increases 1.77 times from 592 to 1050 mg/dm³. The water class deteriorates from the second to the third in terms of mineralization, there is a hazard of sodium alkalinization development. The main problem in operating drip irrigation systems is the danger of physical and chemical clogging of emitters caused by a high content of suspended substances and an alkaline reaction of the water samples under study.
Conclusions. When carrying out irrigation and drainage in the territories adjacent to the reclamation canals that fill ChR, and along the ChIS in the Republic of Kalmykia, the impact of water quality on soils and agricultural crops predicted in this article should be taken into consideration in order to prevent the development of negative phenomena. It is advisable to identify and eliminate sources that deteriorate water quality in the area of the Levokumsky waterworks.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-1-81-98
Republic of Kalmykia, the Chogray reservoir, the Chernozemelskaya irrigation and water distribution system, water quality, salinization, alcalination, drip irrigation
Senchukov G. A., Gostishchev V. D., Voyevodinа L. A., Martynov D. V. Water quality assessment of water bodies used for filling and using the Chogray reservoir. Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering. 2022;12(1):81–98. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.31774/2712-9357-2022-12-1-81-98.
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