Purpose: to study the basic laws of cutting some plant materials, the knowledge of which will justify the rational parameters of a small unit for mechanization of removing the root crop tops.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out experimentally on a computerized dynamometric unit, according to a non-compositional plan of the second order, using two most common types of root crops in cultivation in small holdings: table carrots and radishes. The value of the specific resistance of cutting tops was taken as an optimization parameter.
Results. The study has shown that such factors as the blade incidence angle to the cutting direction, the blade width and the blade speed at the beginning of cutting are crucial and significantly affect the energy consumption of the top removal process. The most significant parameter is the blade width, the degree of influence of which is 2.2–18.2 times greater than the degree of influence of the other two factors. On average, a decrease in the blade width from 0.5 to 0.1 mm leads to a 3–5-fold decrease in the specific cutting force of the top, which confirms the prospects of using ultra-thin replaceable blades instead of a durable wide-faceted blade in the design of the plant-top removing machines. It was also found that at a blade speed of about 0.2 m/s and its blunted blade (b ≈ 0.5 mm), the tops are not cut, but crumpled or (in some cases) deflected by the knife.
Conclusions. In general, the study allows to recommend the following rational parameters and operating modes of a small unit for mechanizing the root crops tops removal: the blade incidence angle to the cutting direction is from 30 to 45°; the blade width is about 0.1 mm; cutting speed is about 0.33 m/s.
doi: 10.31774/2712-9357-2021-11-3-329-342
vegetable growing, root crops, top removal, small-scale mechanization, factorial experiment, specific cutting force, blade incidence angle, blade width, cutting speed
Investigation of the basic laws of cutting root crop tops / A. Yu. Nesmiyan, A. A. Ashitko, R. Yu. Kolesnik, V. A. Maksimenko // Land Reclamation and Hydraulic Engineering [Electronic resource]. 2021. Vol. 11, no 3. P. 329–342. URL: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1231 (date of access: 18.08.2021). doi:10.31774/2712-9357-2021-11-3-329-342
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