Annotation

Purpose: to study the effect of different levels of moisture on chernozems properties and the crop yield. 

Materials and methods. Research objects are ordinary chernozem irrigated with fresh water; ordinary chernozem, irrigated with low-mineralized water; southern chernozem irrigated with fresh water (Rostov region). Analysis and evaluation of these soil samples were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Mathematical processing of the data was carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. 

Results. It was found that the average yield of agricultural crops in the 0.8 m variant compared to 1 t decreased by 2–3 % (within the limits of reliability of the experiment), and the water saving was 13–18 %. An increase in the water load (1.3 m) during 4-year irrigation with low-mineralized water of sulphate-sodium composition increased the amount of sodium to 9 % of the total soil absorbing complex (AUC) with a simultaneous decrease in the calcium proportion to 69 % of the total AUC and the transformation of soils from weakly to medium alkaline (1.15 mmol/100 g). It was revealed that for 4 years of research, when irrigating chernozems with fresh water in options 1 m and 0.8 m, a positive humus balance is observed, and on ordinary chernozems irrigated with low-mineralized water, and southern chernozems with natural solonetzicity, a negative humus balance is traced in all variants. 

Conclusions. Comparing the results on soil properties, the yield of cultivated crops and the efficiency of the use of irrigation water at various levels of moisture, one should give preference to soil moisture at a rate calculated for the biological need of plants. It is allowed to reduce the irrigation rate from the calculated one by 20 %, since at this level the chernozem fertility is preserved, the irrigation water consumption is reduced with a slight shortage of cultivated crops yield. 

doi: 10.31774/2222-1816-2021-11-2-144-157

For quoting

Dokuchayeva L. M., Yurkova R. Ye. Chernozem moisture levels contributing to soil fertility conservation // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. 2021. Vol. 11, no. 2. P. 144–157. URL: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1201 (date of access: 19.05.2021). DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2021-11-2-144-157.

Bibliography

1. GOST R 58331.3-2019. Sistemy i sooruzheniya meliorativnye. Vodopotrebnost' dlya orosheniya sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kul'tur. Obshchie trebovaniya [Reclamation systems and structures. Water demand for irrigation of agricultural crops. General requirements]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2019, 25 p. (In Russian).

2. Shchedrin V.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2018. [On the substantiation of environmental rates of water demand of various soil types for improving reclamation state and soil fertility]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 1(29), pp. 105-121, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=916 [accessed 03.03.2021]. (In Russian).

3. Senchukov G.A., 2001. Landshaftno-ekologicheskie i organizatsionno-khozyaystvennye aspekty obosnovaniya vodnykh melioratsiy [Landscape-Ecological and Organizational-Economic Aspects of the Substantiation of Water Reclamation]. Rostov-on-Don, SKNTs VSh Publ., 276 p. (In Russian).

4. Panov N.P., Mamontov V.G., 2001. Pochvennye protsessy v oroshaemykh chernozemakh i kashtanovykh pochvakh i puti predotvrashcheniya ikh degradatsii [Soil Processes in Irrigated Chernozems and Chestnut Soils and Ways to Prevent their Degradation]. Moscow, Rosselkhozakademiya Publ., 253 p. (In Russian).

5. Ortiz F.C., Jin L., 2021. Chemical and hydrological controls on salt accumulation in irrigated soils of southwestern U.S. Geoderma, vol. 391, 114976, https:doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114976. 

6. Shchedrin V.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2018. [Negative soil processes at continuous flow irrigation of various types of soils]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 2(30), pp. 1-21, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/article?n=926 [accessed 03.03.2021]. (In Russian).

7. Mustafaev Zh.S., Ryabtsev A.D., Kozykeeva A.T., Kenenbaev T.S., Sabdenalinov A.M., 2021. Osnovnye printsipy normirovaniya vodopotrebnosti agrolandshaftov [Basic principles of regulation of water demand in agricultural landscapes], available: http://91.203.172.86/library/rus/mustafaev-et-all.pdf [accessed 03.03.2021]. (In Russian).

8. Kireicheva L.I., Karpenko N.P., 2015. Otsenka effektivnosti orositel'nykh me-lioratsiy v zonal'nom ryadu pochv [Evaluation of the efficiency of irrigation reclamation in the zonal soil sequence]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Study], no. 5, pp. 587-596. (In Russian).

9. Vasiliev S.M., Domashenko Yu.E., 2016. Retrospektivnyy analiz izmeneniya pochvenno-meliorativnykh usloviy oroshaemykh pochv yuga Rostovskoy oblasti [Retrospective analysis of changes in soil-reclamation conditions of irrigated soils in the south of Rostov region]. Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhskogo agrouniversitetskogo kompleksa: nauka i vysshee professional'noe obrazovanie [Bull. of Nizhnevolzhsky Agro-University Complex: Science and Higher Professional Education], no. 3(43), pp. 17-24. (In Russian).

10. Ilinskaya I.N., 2001. Normirovanie vodopotrebnosti dlya orosheniya sel'skokho-zyaystvennykh kul'tur na Severnom Kavkaze [Rationing of water demand for crop irrigation in the North Caucasus]. Novocherkassk, YURSTU, 164 p. (In Russian).

11. Danilchenko A.N., 2015. Otsenka vozmozhnosti snizheniya optimal'nykh bioklima-ticheskikh orositel'nykh norm sel'skokhozyaystvennykh kul'tur [Assessment of the possibility of decreasing optimal bioclimatic irrigation rates of agricultural crops]. Doklady TSKHA: sb. st. [Reports of TSKhA: Collection of Articles]. Moscow, Green Era 2, Sam Polygraphist Publ., iss. 287, vol. 2, pt. 1, pp. 321-326. (In Russian).

12. Avdeenko S.S., Babichev A.N., Balakay G.T., Voevodina L.A., Grinko A.V., Dokuchaeva L.M., Ivanova N.A., Ilinskaya I.N., Krivko N.P., Kuznetsov Yu.G., Kulygin V.A., Labyntsev A.V., Ognev V.V., Pasko S.V., Selitsky S.A., Senchukov G.A., Tseluiko O.A., Chulkov V.V., Shchedrin V.N., 2013. Zonal'nye sistemy zemledeliya Rostovskoy oblasti (na period 2013–2020 gg.) [Zonal Farming Systems of Rostov Region (for the Period 2013–2020)]. In 3 parts, pt. 3, Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Rostov region, Rostov-on-Don, 352 p. (In Russian).

13. Shchedrin V.N., Balakai G.T., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., Shalashova O.Yu., Tabala G.I., Schedrin V.N., 2017. Rukovodstvo po kontrolyu i regulirovaniyu pochvennogo plodorodiya oroshaemykh zemel' [Guidelines for Control and Regulation of Soil Fertility of Irrigated Lands]. Novocherkassk, RosNIIPM, 137 p. (In Russian).