Purpose: to reveal the influence of mineral fertilizers and hydrothermal conditions of the growing season on the yield and protein content in the spring wheat grain. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in Aksai district of Rostov region on the experimental field of Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center (FRANTS). The objects of research are the yield and protein content in spring wheat grain, as well as the dose of mineral fertilizers. Testing, accounting and mathematical processing of the data obtained were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the application of mineral fertilizers leads to a significant increase in the yield of spring wheat, regardless of the moisture supply of the growing season, the maximum increase was obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60. The application of mineral fertilizers leads not only to an increase in yield, but also to an increase in its dependence on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. Data analysis using a multiple correlation coefficient showed that in the variants with the mineral fertilizers application there was a close direct relationship between the yield, SCC and the amount of precipitation (r = 0.79...0.88 according to the variants of the experiment), while in the control variant it was average in terms of influence (r = 0.63...0.64). The accumulation of protein in spring wheat grain is influenced by the combined effect of the meteorological conditions of the growing season and the mineral fertilizers used. The maximum effect of the SCC and the amount of precipitation that fell during the growing season on the protein content in wheat grain was obtained with the introduction of K60 (the parameter was 53.7 and 51.8 %, respectively). Conclusions. The application of mineral fertilizers can significantly increase the yield of spring wheat and regulate the protein content in grain, reducing the influence of the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season. The best results were obtained with the introduction of N60P30K60, which makes it possible to reduce the negative effect of meteorological conditions and increase the yield by 9.3–92.8 % in comparison with the control variant.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-227-240
hydrothermal coefficient; spring wheat; yield; protein content; mineral fertilizers.
Fedyushkin, A. V. Influence of mineral fertilizers and hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period on yield and quality of spring wheat grain / A. V. Fedyushkin, A. V. Paramonov, S. V. Pasko // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. – 2020. – № 4(40). – P. 227–240. – Mode of access: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1168. – DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-4-227-240.
1 Вabushkina E.A., Belokopytova L.V., Zhirnova D.F., Shah S.K., Kostyakova T.V., 2018. Climatically driven yield variability of major crops in Khakassia (South Siberia). International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 939-948, DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1496-9.
2 Karimi T., Stoctle C.O., Higgins S., Nelson R., 2018. Climate change and dryland wheat systems in the US Pacific Northwest. Agricultural Systems, vol. 159, pp. 144-156, DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2017.03.014.
3 Cheng L., Wang R., Xu J., Luo Y., Leong Tan M., Jiang Y., 2018. Analysis of meteorological dryness/wetness features for spring wheat production in the Ili River basin, China. International Journal of Biometeorology, vol. 62, no. 12, pp. 2197-2204, DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-1623-2.
4 Kadushkina V.P., Grabovets A.I., Bondar R.I., 2013. Vzaimosvyazi mezhdu urozhaynost'yu yarovoy tverdoy pshenitsy i agrometeorologicheskimi faktorami v stepnoy zone Rostovskoy oblasti [Interrelationship between spring durum wheat productivity and agrometeorological factors in a steppe zone of Rostov region]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii [Grain Economy of Russia], no. 6, pp. 1-9. (In Russian).
5 Ionova E.V., Likhovidova V.A., Lobunskaya I.A., 2019. Zasukha i gidrotermicheskiy koeffitsient uvlazhneniya kak odin iz kriteriev otsenki stepeni ee intensivnosti (obzor literatury) [Drought and hydrothermal humidity factor as one of the criteria to estimate its intensity degree (literature review)]. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii [Grain Economy of Russia], no. 6(66), pp. 18-22. (In Russian).
6 Grinko A.V., Voshedsky N.N., Kulygin V.A., 2020. Priemy vozdelyvaniya yarovykh zernovykh kul'tur v bogarnykh usloviyakh Rostovskoy oblasti [Methods of cultivation of spring crops in rainfed conditions of Rostov region]. Zernobobovye i krupyanye kul'tury [Legumes and Groat Crops], no. 1(33), pp. 72-81, DOI: 10.24411/2309-348X-2020-11159. (In Russian).
7 Pasko S.V., Fedyushkin A.V., 2018. Optimizatsiya mineral'nogo pitaniya yarovoy pshenitsy na chernozeme obyknovennom [Optimization of mineral nutrition of spring wheat on ordinary chernozem]. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK [Achievements of Science and Technology of Agro-Industrial Complex], vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 33-36, DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-11007. (In Russian).
8 Fedyushkin A.V., Paramonov A.V., Medvedeva V.I., 2018. Vliyanie sistematicheskogo primeneniya mineral'nykh udobreniy na produktivnost' zernotravyanogo sevooborota [Influence of the systematic application of minorganic fertilizers on the ley farming efficiency]. Byulleten' nauki i praktiki [Bull. of Science and Practice], vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 107-112, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1289442. (In Russian).
9 Dospekhov B.A., 2011. Metodika polevogo opyta (s osnovami statisticheskoy obra-botki rezul'tatov issledovaniya) [Method of Field Experiment (with the basics of statistical processing of research results)]. Moscow, Alliance Publ., 352 p. (In Russian).
10 Selyaninov G.T., 1977. Metodika selskokhozyaystvennoy kharakteristiki klimata [Methods of Agricultural Climate Characteristics]. Moscow, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 220 p. (In Russian).
