Purpose: to determine the influence of various factors on the yield and water consumption of spring wheat in rainfed conditions in Priazov zone Rostov region.
Materials and methods. The place and time of the research is the experimental station of Federal State Budgetary Institution “Federal Rostov Agrarian Scientific Center”, 2017–2019. Studied: the methods of primary tillage (moldboard, combined, surface); fertilizer backgrounds (high – N80P80K80, medium – N40P40K40, without fertilizers); features of spring wheat water consumption in different years of heat and moisture. When conducting field observations and research, the generally accepted methods of B. A. Dospekhov, A. N. Kostyakov and A. F. Vadyunina were used.
Results. It was revealed that the best conditions for the Donela M variety are created with a moldboard plowing of 25–27 cm and a background of N80P80K80 fertilizers, providing a yield of 36.9 c/ha. In a similar variant of the combined tillage (surface treatment on 14–16 cm BDT-3 + slitting on 40–45 cm Sch-2), a decrease in yield by 1.5 c/ha, or 4.1 %, was observed. The greatest efficiency in the use of fertilizers was noted in the variant with an average supply background and a moldboard tillage, amounting to 6.33 kg of additional products per 1 kg of NPK added. In a favorable for heat and moisture supply (hydrothermic coefficient HTC = 0.85) year the efficiency of fertilizer application was 1.66 times higher than in a dry year with HTC= 0.20. The lowest coefficient of water consumption was obtained during moldboard plowing, amounting to 575 cubic meters per ton.
Conclusions. Under the conditions of resource shortage, along with cultivating spring wheat by moldboard plowing + N80P80K80 fertilizer background, it is possible to use resource-saving combined tillage and an average N40P40K40 background, which can reduce energy costs and get the best return on fertilizer application.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-3-254-270
spring wheat; tillage method; fertilizer background; yield; increase; water consumption, payback.
Voshedskiy, N. N. Influence of methods of spring wheat cultivation on yield and water consumption under rainfed conditions in Rostov region / N. N. Voshedskiy, V. A. Kulygin // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. – 2020. – № 3(39). – P. 254–270. – Mode of access: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1150. – DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-3-254-270.
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