Purpose: to identify correction factors for accounting negative properties and to evaluate the agricultural productivity of long-term irrigated soils under various soil-reclamation conditions.
Materials and methods. The object of research is the various types of soils developed during long-term regular irrigation. The analysis of soil samples was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The agricultural productivity assessment was carried out on the basis of the soil-ecological index, on the zonal soil bonitet, adjusted for soil properties and on the point of actual yield.
Results. Correction points have been established to account the indicators of irrigation and groundwater in calculating the agricultural productivity of soils according to the soil-ecological index SEI. They range from 0 to 12 points. Correction factors for account the negative properties of long-term irrigated soils vary from 1 (soil properties during irrigation remain) to 0.7–0.6 units (indicate a strong change in soil properties). When calculating the agricultural productivity of soils according to the actual crop yield score, it was determined that soils with less than 30 points are assessed as ineffective for use in irrigated agriculture. It has been found that the agricultural productivity of soils irrigated for a long time with weakly saline waters (a decrease of 40–49 %), as well as the soils with natural adverse properties – southern chernozem and brown semi-desert soils is lost to the greatest extent. The smallest decrease is observed on dark chestnut soils (groundwater deeper than 3 m, fresh irrigation water and high farming standards). The agricultural productivity of soils decrease is observed when water of class II and III is used for irrigation, as well as in areas with close occurrence of alkali groundwater – from 5 to 17 %.
Conclusions. When assessing the agricultural productivity of soils under various soil-reclamation conditions, preference should be given to calculations based on the actual yield points and adjusted for soil properties.
DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-3-83-105
long-term irrigation; soil properties; integrated assessment; agricultural productivity of soils; soil bonitet; productivity.
Babichev, A. N. Assessment of agricultural productivity of soils irrigated for a long time / A. N. Babichev, L. M. Dokuchayeva, R. Ye. Yurkova // Scientific Journal of Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems [Electronic resource]. – 2020. – № 3(39). – P. 83–105. – Mode of access: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/en/article?n=1140. – DOI: 10.31774/2222-1816-2020-3-83-105.
1 Panov A.P., Mamontov V.G., 2001. Pochvennye protsessy v oroshaemykh chernozemakh i kashtanovykh pochvakh i puti predotvrashcheniya ikh degradatsii [Soil Processes in Irrigated Chernozems and Chestnut Soils and Ways to Prevent Their Degradation]. Moscow, Russian Agricultural Academy Publ., 253 p. (In Russian).
2 Andreev G.I., Kozlechkov G.A., Andreev A.G., 2007. Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie oroshaemykh pochv na Nizhnem Donu: monografiya [Ecological Condition of Irrigated Soils in the Lower Don: monograph]. Dnepropetrovsk, 262 p. (In Russian).
3 Dobrovol’sky G.V., 2002. Degradatsiya i okhrana pochv [Soil Degradation and Protection]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 658 p. (In Russian).
4 Komissarov A.V., 2015. Vliyanie dlitel'nogo orosheniya na svoystva chernozema vy-shchelochennogo v Yuzhnom Predural'e [Influence of a long-term irrigation on the leached chernozem characteristics in the Southern Cis-Urals]. Zemledelie [Farming], no. 2, pp. 5-9. (In Russian).
5 Shchedrin V.N., Vasiliev S.M., 2011. Teoriya i praktika al'ternativnykh vidov orosheniya chernozemov yuga evropeyskoy territorii Rossii: monografiya [Theory and Practice of Alternative Types of Chernozem Irrigation in the South of the European Territory of Russia: Monograph]. Novocherkassk, Lik Publ., 435 p. (In Russian).
6 Vasiliev S.M., 2006. Povyshenie ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti sposobov orosheniya dlya formirovaniya ustoychivykh agrolandshaftov v aridnoy zone. Avtoreferat diss. d-ra tekhn. nauk [Improving the environmental safety of irrigation methods for the formation of sustainable agrolandscapes in the arid zone. Abstract of Dr. techn. sci. diss.]. Volgograd, 35 p. (In Russian).
7 Mon R., Irurtia C., Botta G.F., Pozzolo O., Bellora Melcon F., Rivero D., Bomben M., 2007. Effects of supplementary irrigation on chemical and physical soil properties in the rolling pampa region of Argentina. Ciencia e Investigcion Agraria, no. 34(3), pp. 187-194, DOI: http:dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-16202007000300002.
8 Al-Zu'bi Y., 2007. Effect of irrigation water on agricultural soil in Jordan valley: An example from arid area conditions. Journal of Arid Environments, no. 7, pp. 63-79, DOI: https:doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2007.01.001.
9 Herrero J., Perez Covetta O., 2005. Soil salinity changes over 24 years in a Mediterranean irrigated district. Geoderma, no. 125, pp. 287-308, DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.09.004.
10 Senchukov G.A., 2001. Landshaftno-ekologicheskie i organizatsionno-khozyaystvennye aspekty obosnovaniya vodnykh melioratsiy zemel' [Landscape-Ecological and Organizational-Economic Aspects of the Substantiation of Land Reclamation]. Rostov-on-Don, SKNTs VSh Publ., 276 p. (In Russian).
11 Il’inskaya I.N., 2005. Normirovanie orosheniya i produktivnosti agroekosistem na Severnom Kavkaze [Rationing of Irrigation and Productivity of Agroecosystems in the North Caucasus]. Rostov-on-Don, SKNTs VSh Publ., 112 p. (In Russian).
12 Shchedrin V.N., Dokuchaeva L.M., Yurkova R.E., 2018. [Negative soil processes during regular irrigation of various soil types]. Nauchnyy Zhurnal Rossiyskogo NII Problem Melioratsii, no. 2(30), pp. 1-21, available: http:www.rosniipm-sm.ru/archive?n=542&id=543. (In Russian).
13 Kireicheva L.V., Karpenko N.P., 2015. Otsenka effektivnosti orositel'nykh melioratsiy v zonal'nom ryadu pochv [Evaluation of the efficiency of irrigation in a zonal soil sequence]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 5, pp. 587-596. (In Russian).
14 Karmanov I.I., Bulgakov D.S., 2002. Sovremennye aspekty otsenki zemel' i plodorodiya pochv [Modern aspects of the assessment of land and soil fertility]. Pochvovedenie [Soil Science], no. 7, pp. 850-857. (In Russian).
15 Polovinkina N.V., Rozov S.Yu., 2017. Agroekologicheskaya otsenka pochv kak osnova dlya upravleniya pochvenno-ekologicheskimi riskami (na primere pochv sukhoy stepi Volgogradskogo Zavolzh'ya) [Agroecological evaluation of soils as a basis for controlling soil-ecological risks (by example of soils of the dry steppe zone in the Volgograd Trans-Volga region)]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 17. Pochvovedenie [Moscow University Physics Bull. Series 17. Soil Science], no. 1, pp. 47-54. (In Russian).
16 Dokuchaeva L.M., Stratinskaya E.N., 2010. Otsenka effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya oroshaemykh zemel' na osnove boniteta pochv i popravochnykh koeffitsientov [Evaluation of the efficiency of the irrigated lands use on the basis of soil bonitet and correction factors]. Puti povysheniya effektivnosty oroshaemogo zemledeliya: sbornik statey [Ways of Increasing the Efficiency of Irrigated Agriculture: proc.]. Novocherkassk, Helikon Publ., iss. 43, pp. 6-12. (In Russian).
17 Karmanov I.I., Friev T.A., 1982. Bonitirovka pochv na osnove pochvenno-ekologicheskikh pokazateley [Soil Bonitation on the Basis of Soil-Ecological Indices]. Zemledelie [Framing], no. 5, pp. 18-22. (In Russian).
18 Dokuchaeva L.M., 2003. Prirodno-ekologicheskie pokazateli effektivnosti is-pol'zovaniya melioriruemykh zemel' [Natural-ecological indicators of the efficiency of the use of reclaimed land]. Sovremennye problemy melioratsii zemel', puti i metody ikh resheniya: sb. nauch. tr. [Urgent Issues of Land Reclamation, Ways and Methods for their Solution: Proc.]. RosNIIPM, Novocherkassk, Helikon Publ., pp. 170-180. (In Russian).
19 Savich V.I., Amerguzhin H.A., Karmanov I.I., Bulgakov D.S., Fedorin Yu.V., Karmanova L.A., 2003. Otsenka pochv [Soil Assessment]. Astana, 556 p. (In Russian).
20 Vostokova L.B., Bulgakov D.S., Oreshnikova N.V., Yakovlev A.S., Shoba S.A., 2010. Bonitirovka pochv v sisteme zemel'nogo kadastra: ucheb. posobie dlya vuzov [Soil Bonitet in Land Cadastre System: textbook for universities]. Moscow, MAX Press Publ., 300 p. (In Russian).
